Sarin is considered to be an instrument for chemical terror by the extremist organizations due to the availability of technologies and components for its production. This fact became evident after the use of sarin by several members of the extremist organization «Aum Shinrikyo» for air infection of the capital`s subway in 1995 in Japan and by ISIL bands in Syria in 2013. Because of its physical and chemical properties, as well as its ability to be dissolved in water in any ratios, sarin can infect water sources for the long period of time. But the sensitivity of flame photometric detectors (FPD) is not always sufficient for the analysis of water samples for the presence of sarin, its precursors and products of destruction, especially in cases of necessity to detect the concentrations less than 0,03 ppm (3×10^-5 mg/ml). We have found out that higher sensitivity of the detector can be achieved in case of the increase of the gas carrier (helium) pressure in the injector up to 25 psi, and the temperature – to 250 °C, single-segment temperature rise in the thermostat with a speed of 10 °C/min from 40 °C (1 min) to 280 °C (5 min) at a hydrogen stream in PFD – 75 ml/min, air – 100 ml/min, helium – 60 ml/min. In comparison with the initial method, the offered one is more sensitive in case of sarin concentration in water in the range from 6×10^-6 to 1×10^-4 mg/ml to 1,7 times. The approbation of the offered optimal parameters was carried out during the gas chromatographic detection of sarin in water samples during the OPCW Proficiency Tests, during the analysis of arbitration samples, during the scientific research and the obtaining of national accreditation of the Laboratory of Chemical Analytical Control of the 27 Scientific Centre of the Minstry of Defence of the Russian Federation. These parameters can be used successfully during the studies of any organophosphorous chemicals by GC analysis with flame photometric detection.

The purpose of this work is to identify technologies of the production of materials and fabrics that provide protection against toxic chemicals and pathogens for the development of personal and collective protective equipment. These materials and tissues should have specific properties of «self-cleaning» (selfdegassing). The article is dedicated to the consideration of the results of the use of new protective materials and fabrics during the creation of modern filtering and sorbing protective equipment of the «soldier of the future». It is shown in the article, that regardless of the method of producing protective materials on the basis of activated carbon or sorbents, they do not possess the «self-cleaning» properties. Their common significant drawback is the possibility of desorption of toxic substances. In addition, there is also a limitation of their protective properties by the sorption capacity of activated carbon (carbon fibers). As a result, the absence of toxic vapors behind the layer of protective material can be guaranteed for a limited period of time. As a rule, this period of time does not exceed 24. In the nearest future the electrospinning technology, used to obtain filtering fabrics, will create a wide range of materials with various properties, including anti-aerosol, degassing, antimicrobial, etc. The metal organic frameworks (MOFs) based on zirconium, NU-1000, UiO-66, seem to be the most attractive among the MOFs for the creation of means of degassing and indication of toxic agents. The analysis of data obtained in the field of creation of filtering and sorbing «self-cleaning» (self-degassing) materials for personal protective equipment showed that these materials can acquire such properties due to their functionalization while using nanosized metalcontaining particles with antibacterial properties, as well as enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of certain highly toxic compounds and their degradation products.

The third article in the series is dedicated to the medical consequences of the chemical warfare between Iran and Iraq during the war (1980–1988). The UN official documents and materials, declassified CIA documents, as well as other open Western and Iranian sources have been used during its preparation. The chemical war against the Islamic Republic of Iran was waged in the conditions of the increased power of chemical weapons, when the Iraqi army had the opportunity to carry out multiple massive chemical aviation strikes at operational depth and to use multiple launch rocket systems for the massive use of toxic substances in the tactical zone. The mortality from sulfur mustard reached 30 % in some sections of the front, that was impossible during the First World War. The unpreparedness of the Iranian army to chemical warfare led to the serious irretrievable losses among the Iranian military during the war (25 thousand people) and to the grave long-term consequences for the health of the survivors (at least 100 thousand people), despite of the relatively small amount of poisonous substances used by Iraq (2.54 thousand tons). As in World War I, sulfur mustard turned out to be the «king of gases» in this war. The Iranian scientists find out that even after the curing of acute lesions in hospitals the pathological process caused by the action of poisonous substances does not stop. It enters the phase of delayed effects, manifested with the age of the patient. There are the irreversible obstructive processes in the lungs («mustard lung»). In 2014 about 45 thousand Iranians suffered from late respiratory complications caused by sulfur mustard. There are the eczemoid dermatitis, vitiligo, psoriasis and discoid lupus erythematosus. There are the delayed ulcerative keratitis and various lesions in the neurological tissues of the eye and in the ocular fundus of the vascular system. There are other pathologies as well. The article contains a large number of photographs, diagrams and images, never published in Russian medical literature before.