Trialkylphosphates are of considerable interest from the military-chemical point of view as precursors of highly toxic organophosphorus toxicants, possible products of their decontamination, complexing agents in processes of reprocessing of used nuclear fuel, etc. Meanwhile, the development of ways to identify these substances is still in its infancy. In addition, trialkylphosphates are an interesting subject for the search of a solution to the analytical problem of establishing the structure of O-alkyl fragments in molecules of M(O) (OR)_n esters of multibasic acids, where M is the central atom (central core), n is the basicity of the acid, R are alkyl radicals with an unknown and in general case different number of carbon atoms in each of them. No general solution to this problem could be found in the book sources. The aim of this work is to develop an algorithm for in-depth identification of trialkyl phosphates, which includes establishing the belonging of the investigated substance to this class, as well as a general and reliable method for determining the number of carbon atoms in each of the O-alkyl radicals of the investigated substances. On the basis of the revealed regularities of the decay of positive molecular ions of trialkyl phosphates, as well as negative ions of resonant capture of electrons of the same compound obtained under conditions of electron ionization, an algorithm for in-depth identification of trialkyl phosphates is proposed, which includes establishing the belonging of the investigated substance to this class, as well as a general and reliable method determining the number of carbon atoms in each of the O-alkyl radicals of the substance molecule.

The implementation of chemical control in closed facilities is the most difficult task of the mobile diagnostic groups (MDG) of the NBC Protection Troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, designed to perform radiation, chemical and biological control at mass events at national and international levels. Built with the use of modern construction and finish materials, they have their own sources of indoor air pollution. In certain cases, the use of polymer and polymer-containing materials in the construction and decoration of such objects leads to the appearance of contamination zones inside these premises with a high concentration of chemical impurities and their transformation products, which poses a threat to human health and affects the reliability of the results of chemical control. The last factor poses the greatest danger, since, leading to an inadequate reaction of the chemical control equipment, it can mask the appearance of poisonous and / or hazardous substances in the air, nullifying the entire complex of measures to ensure chemical safety. The aim of the article is to analyze structural, building and finish materials used in the construction and decoration of facilities that are systematically examined by MDG for the detection of toxic volatile compounds. It is shown in the article, that in the presence of sources of volatile substances, including toxic ones, which can distort the results of chemical control at the surveyed objects, it is necessary to improve the equipment and methodological support of mobile diagnostic groups.

One of the limiting factors in the use of remote gas detectors, which significantly limits the possibilities of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy method, is the presence of an atmosphere between the indication object and the measuring equipment. This problem can be avoided when designing sampling technical means of chemical reconnaissance and control. The aim of this work is to assess the prospects for the development, on the domestic element base, of sampling technical means of chemical control – gas detectors, operating on the basis of the FTIR spectroscopy. Portable devices with an «all-in-one» design were considered as prototypes. They allow to detect and identify pollutants directly at the place of application, without additional sample preparation and analysis of the indication object. The substantiation of the technical design of promising sampling technical means for the express monitoring of air contamination made it possible to propose a basic optical scheme of the base unit of the proposed technical means, in which radiation from an infrared emitter, equipped with projection optics, enters a multi-pass gas cuvette. After passing a given number of rereflections, the radiation leaves the cell and enters the interferometer. After modulation in the interferometer, the radiation is distributed through an interference light filter to two photodetectors. The predicted sensitivity of the proposed technical tool for vapors of toxic chemicals (10^-4–10^-5mg/ liter) predetermines the possibility of its use as a portable tool for express gas analysis as part of mobile diagnostic teams and mobile complexes for monitoring NBC contamination.

Among the epidemic variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus the main attention is currently attracted by the delta variant (B.1.617), first identified in India in the end of 2020. Since the appearance of the delta variant, the morbidity rate of COVID-19 in India has increased 20-fold. The overflow of the delta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus outside of India is one of the factors in the emergence of the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of August 24, 2021 the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus has been identified in 193 countries. The purpose of this work is to analyze the delta variant of SARSCoV-2 virus and the features of the disease caused by it. The main features of the delta variant are: a set of mutations affecting a significant functional area of S-protein; a transfer rate from person to person; a reduced incubation period of caused disease. In Russia, the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus appears no earlier than the end of April – beginning of May, 2021. The spread of the delta variant as the dominant one is associated with the emergence in early June 2021 of the third, and in mid-September – the fourth wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Russia. The epidemiological data for Russia show a sharp increase in the number of new cases of the disease, with a simultaneous increase in the number of hospitalizations and deaths of the disease. The necessary measures to combat the epidemic are: first of all, accelerating the pace of vaccination, as well as the set of administrative measures, including limiting mass events, strict observance of the mask regime and social distance in public places.

Enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction have become the «gold standard» for the detection of biological pathogens. The method of amplified immunoassay – immuno-PCR allows to combine both methods into a single platform to preserve their advantages and to achieve high sensitivity of the analysis. The purpose of this work is to consider the possibilities and prospects of using PCR-amplified immunoassay for the detection of pathogenic biological agents. Immuno-PCR makes it possible to detect various non-nucleic antigenic determinants in PCR by amplifying a DNA tag conjugated with a specific antibody. The registration of the results is also possible in real time as in the real-time PCR test systems. The main methodological issues in the immuno-PCR technology are: the choice of a carrier of biomolecule complexes, the choice of a method for conjugation of detection antibodies and a reporter nucleic acid, optimization of methods for amplifying signal DNA and accounting for results, and development of methods for reducing background indicators. We consider it necessary to carry out research and development work on the development and the creation of diagnostic kits based on immuno-PCR. With regard to the task of detecting small and trace amounts of antigens of pathogenic biological agents, the most likely diagnostic «niche» of the immuno-PCR method will be the detection of toxins of microbial and non-microbial origin, the minimum clinically significant dose for which is less than the sensitivity of the corresponding immunochemical test systems. Taking into account the prospects for the development of the method, in future it is possible to develop such test systems for the detection of hapten analytes, for example, some toxicants of non-biological origin.

The Department of technical support of radiation, chemical and biological protection was formed in 1972. Its first name was the Department of operation and repair of means and armament of Chemical troops and means of protection. The work on the creation of the Department was headed by candidate of military sciences, Colonel Lev Nikolaevich Ilyin, currently doctor of military sciences, Professor, full member of the Academy of Military Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Major General (ret). L.N. Ilyin headed the Department until 1991. The Department conducts classes in 8 academic disciplines, and also carries out exploratory and applied research in several areas of military sciences. In addition, the teaching staff of the Department participates in conducting classes on their topics at other Departments. Since 2020, the Department has been preparing drivers of category «C» for the NBC Protection troops. The scientific school of L.N. Ilyin is successfully developing at the Department. Certain areas of fundamental and applied research of the Department, p.ex. the theory and practice of organizing the technical support of NBC protection in operations, as well as determining and creating stocks of means and armament of NBC protection at the tactical, operational and strategic levels, are of particular relevance to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. For all the years of the existence of the scientific school of L.N. Ilyin five doctors and eighty-two candidates of sciences were trained. Representatives of the Department were directly involved in the aftermath of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, in the fighting in the Republic of Afghanistan, the Chechen Republic and the Syrian Arab Republic. Many of them have received government awards. From 2012 to the present, Igor Dmitrievich Blokhnin, candidate of military sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, has been the head of the Department of technical support of radiation, chemical and biological protection. Based on historical facts, the article analyzes the main stages of the formation and the development of the Department of technical support of radiation, chemical and biological protection as one of the main structural units of the Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Protection named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko.

Vaccination in combination with chemotherapeutic agents play an important role in the complex of measures aimed at combating anthrax. However, the role of Russian military scientists in the development of means and methods of specific biological protection against anthrax is not fully covered in scientific literature. The aim of the article is to summarize the contribution of Russian military scientists to the creation of vaccine-serum preparations against anthrax. In the 1940–1980s in the branches of the Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, live and combined anthrax vaccines have been created. Currently, these branches are located in the cities of Kirov and Yekaterinburg. In 1998, military researchers of these branches obtained a vaccine strain STI-PR-4 resistant to a number of antibiotics. On the basis of this strain, the combined dry anthrax vaccine was developed, which can be used in foci of biological infection together with the main chemotherapeutic drugs. In 1996–1998 specialists of the branch (Kirov), together with the Oryol biofactory, created a new production line for the production of heterologous (horse) anti-anthrax immunoglobulin, an emergency specific protection against the anthrax pathogen. The improvement of this drug was completed by the development of the laboratory technology for obtaining F(ab')₂ fragments, which can be used for emergency specific prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax. The task of developing a new anti-anthrax human immunoglobulin for intravenous administration was successfully solved in 2004 by scientists of the branch (Kirov) together with the Federal State Institution «Kirov Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion of Roszdrav» within the framework of the Federal Target Program. In 2020, employees of the branch (Kirov) developed a mass immunization method using oral anthrax vaccine. The ongoing advanced research on the creation of new vaccine-serum preparations, technologies for their production, methods of mass vaccination have created a serious scientific base, which will make it possible in the future to protect the population and personnel of the Armed Forces of our country from the outbreaks of anthrax and acts of biological terrorism.