The article is dedicated to the review of the theoretical and experimental research of the Russian and foreign scientists in the enzymes both in native state and in forms of chemically stabilized nanosized particles, promising for the development of military products of different types. It summarises the results of use of biocatalysts on the basis of enzymes and microorganisms­destructors for the neutralization of eco­toxicants. The nature of enzymes is analyzed. The significant part of the article is dedicated to the data obtained regarding the sphere of biochemical and medical biocatalytic technologies for the development of enzymatic prophylactic and therapeutic means. A special attention is paid to the enzymes, used in protective equipment, to environmental biocatalysts, to biopharmaceuticals on the basis of enzymes and microorganisms­destructors for the utilization of reaction masses, to chemical detoxification of poisonous substances. The authors point out the main trends in the further research in the sphere of biotechnologies: enzymatic pharmaceuticals for prophylaxis and treatment of OP poisoning; enzymes in self­degassing materials and in protective equipment; biocatalysts for soil, water and surface purification; biopharmaceuticals on the basis of enzymes and microorganisms­destructors for the degradation of reaction masses of toxic chemicals.

Anthrax is a serious infectious disease with high mortality. The epidemiological security depends on the vaccination of susceptible animals and population at risk. But many of the existing anthrax vaccine strains possess low levels of protective antigen production and high reactogenicity. One of the most promising trends in production of new generation of vaccines is the cloning of particular determinants of immunogenicity of anthrax microbe for the creation of highly effective producers of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen. The aim of the article is to present the results of the study on the construction of recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain, producing B.anthracis protective antigen, promising for use in chemical anthrax vaccines technology. The pHT43PA plasmid containing the gene pag, providing the synthesis of protective antigen of the anthrax microbe and functioning stably in the cells of the recombinant strain Amy21(pHT43РА) of B. subtilis, was constructed on the basis of the shuttle vector pHT43. It is found out during the research, that the microbial cells of the recombinant strain Amy21(pHT43РА) of B. subtilis provide the production of immunologically active protective antigen in quantities, not inferior than anthrax vaccine strains. These data, as well as safety and simplicity of В. subtilis make it possible to continue the research of this recombinant strain as a producer of anthrax protective antigen, promising for use in vaccines production.

The article is dedicated to the review of some hazardous and extremely hazardous emergent viral infections of the beginning of the XXI century – severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle­East respiratory syndrome (MERS), Lujo hemorrhagic fever (LHF) and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Special attention is paid to the time of reveal and identification of infectious agents, their taxonomic belonging, genome organization, possible ways of the appearance of strains, virulent for human beings, to endemic regions, probable ways of infection, reservoirs and transmitters of infection, morbidity and mortality. These infections should be of particular concern because of the severity of illnesses, caused by the above mentioned viruses, the absence of characteristic clinical signs that makes diagnostics more difficult, especially in non­endemic areas, the absence of means of specific prophylaxis and treatment and the difficulties in their identification. The analyze of this emergent viral infections reveals their potential threat for the Armed Forces and population of the Russian Federation in case of accidental or intentional delivery of causative agents of these diseases to the Russian territory.

The lecture is aimed at the improvement of the professional level of military personnel in the sphere of flamethrower­incendiary weapons of the Troops of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is dedicated to two issues:
1). The existing system of flamethrower­incendiary weapons of the Troops of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
2). Contemporary views on the directions for further improvement of flamethrower­incendiary weapons.