Детоксификация пептид-содержащих биотоксинов

Основные моменты. Пептидные биотоксины представляют собой серьезную проблему для здоровья людей и как поражающие агенты из-за широкого разнообразия их структур и источников.

Пептидные биотоксины и прионные белки могут быть эффективно нейтрализованы различными методами, включая обработку  протеазами.

Актуальность – биотоксины пептидной природы представляют серьезную угрозу для здоровья людей и как поражающие агенты. Если направлениям, касающимся иммунологических систем защиты от таких токсинов, посвящено большое количество аналитических обзоров, то вопросы ферментативной детоксификации биотоксинов в лучшем случае рассматриваются поверхностно.

Цель работы – провести анализ основных современных направлений разработки средств ферментативной детоксификации биотоксинов пептидной природы.

Источниковая база исследования – преимущественно англоязычная научная литература, доступная через глобальную сеть Интернет, а также собственные опубликованные экспериментальные исследования авторов.

Метод исследования – аналитический.

Результаты. В настоящее время эффективность детоксифицирующих иммунологических препаратов возросла благодаря высокопроизводительным методам скрининга и отбору эффективных клонов – продуцентов моноклональных антител. В статье особое внимание уделено применению для детоксификации пептидных биотоксинов гидролитических ферментов, рассматриваемых в данной работе как альтернатива иммунобиологическим препаратам. Природный аналог детоксифицирующих ферментов – система «токсин–антитоксин» прокариот. Известно не менее четырех типов ингибиторов биотоксинов: блокирующие их каталитическую активность; экранирующие их рецепторы-мишени; ингибирующие токсин путем воздействия на его структуру; аллостерически модулирующие активность биотоксина. Имеются обнадеживающие данные по использованию детоксифицирующих ферментов для нейтрализации прионов в почве и лечения прионных осложнений, вызванных «вакцинацией» нуклеиновыми кислотами.

Вывод. Использование ферментов-протеаз для детоксикации пептидных биотоксинов и прионных белков можно рассматривать как перспективную альтернативу детоксифицирующим иммунобиологическим препаратам.

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