Биологические свойства бактериальных токсинов

Знания по биологическим свойствам бактериальных токсинов постоянно обновляются. В последние два десятилетия интерес исследователей смещался в направлении от природных токсинов к их генетически измененным производным. Цель работы – обобщение знаний по биологическим свойствам бактериальных токсинов, накопленных в англоязычной научной литературе за последние годы. Метод исследования – аналитический. Источниковая база исследования – в основном англоязычная научная литература, доступная через глобальную сеть «Интернет». Результаты. В работе рассмотрены: организация и общий механизм действия молекул бактериальных токсинов; достоверность показателей их токсичности, приведенных в научной литературе; токсическое действие токсинов различных групп, различающихся по механизму действия; получение гибридных и модифицированных токсинов; выявление искусственных токсинов. Выводы. Среди бактериальных токсинов наибольшую опасность представляют бинарные токсины. Бинарный состав экзотоксинов бактерий, хорошая изученность их субъединиц, функциональных доменов, механизмов сборки и внутриклеточного действия позволяют вести их модификацию в направлении изменения спектра целей, токсичности, механизма поражающего действия и иммуногенности. Для выявления генетически измененных токсинов, малоизученных аналогов и изоформ природных токсинов могут быть использованы специальные программы, основанные на машинном обучении.

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