nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2020-4-1-21-31kwvyxpnbsprot-97Research ArticleБиологическая безопасность и защита от биологических угрозBiological Security and Protection against Biological ThreatsНовая опасная эмерджентная коронавирусная инфекцияNovel dangerous emergent coronavirus infectionСизиковаТ. Е.SizikovaT. E.

Сизикова Татьяна Евгеньевна. Научный сотрудник, канд. биол. наук.

141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11

Tatyana Eugenievna Sizikova. Researcher. Candidate of Biological Sciences.

Oktyabrskiy Street 11, Sergiev Posad 141306

КарулинаН. В.KarulinaN. V.

Карулина Наталья Васильевна. Младший научный сотрудник

141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11

Natalya Vasilievna Karulina. Junior Researcher.

Oktyabrskiy Street 11, Sergiev Posad 141306

ПетровА. А.PetrovA. A.

Петров Александр Анатольевич. Начальник научно- исследовательского отдела, д-р. мед наук.

141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11

Alexander Anatolievich Petrov. Head of the Department. Doctor of Medicinal Sciences

Oktyabrskiy Street 11, Sergiev Posad 141306

ЛебедевВ. Н.LebedevV. N.

Лебедев Виталий. Николаевич. Ведущий научный сотрудник, д-р биол. наук, проф.

141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11

Vitaly Nikolayevich Lebedev. Leading Researcher. Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor.

Oktyabrskiy Street 11, Sergiev Posad 141306

БорисевичС. В.BorisevichS. V.

Борисевич Сергей Владимирович. Начальник Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России, д-р биол. наук, проф., чл.-корр. РАН.

141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11

Sergey Vladimirovich Borisevich. Head of the FSBE «48 Central Scientific Research Institute». Doctor of Biological Sciences, Corresponding Member of RAS.

Oktyabrskiy Street 11, Sergiev Posad 141306

48cnii@mil.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of the Defence of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202012062020412131Copyright © Сизикова Т.Е., Карулина Н.В., Петров А.А., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В., 20202020Сизикова Т.Е., Карулина Н.В., Петров А.А., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В.Sizikova T.E., Karulina N.V., Petrov A.A., Lebedev V.N., Borisevich S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/97

Генетическое разнообразие коронавирусов и их изменчивость обеспечиваются за счет высокой частоты рекомбинации их геномной РНК, что способствует спонтанному появлению вирусов с новыми свойствами, которые потенциально могут быть причиной возникновения вспышек особо опасных и экзотических инфекционных заболеваний. В декабре 2019 – январе 2020 гг. в КНР выявлено новое коронавирусное заболевание, впоследствии получившее название COVID-19 (англ. Corona Virus Disease 2019), вызываемое вирусом SARS-CoV-2. Цель работы – анализ возможного механизма возникновения вспышки COVID-19 и свойств этиологического агента заболевания, вируса SARS-CoV-2. Проведено сравнение зоонозного резервуара патогенных для человека коронавирусов, возбудителей тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома (SARS – англ. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), Ближневосточного респираторного синдрома (MERS – англ. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) и COVID-19, а также клинических признаков вызываемых ими заболеваний. Рассмотрен возможный механизм формирования эпидемических вспышек. Для COVID-19 представлены хронология возникновения вспышки (впоследствии переросшей в пандемию) с начала декабря 2019 г. по конец марта 2020 г., таксономические и молекулярно-биологические характеристики этиологического агента заболевания, вируса SARS-CoV-2, и его место на филогенетическом древе коронавирусов. Рассмотрены основные направления борьбы с распространением инфекции.

The genetic diversity of coronaviruses and their variability are provided by high frequency of recombination of their genomic RNA that assists spontaneous emergence of viruses with new characteristics, which potentially may be agents of novel extremely dangerous and exotic infectious diseases. In December 2019 – January 2020 the novel coronavirus disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, subsequently named COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019), was revealed in China. The aim of this work is to analyze the possible mechanism of COVID-19 outbreak and the properties of the possible etiological agent of the disease, SARS-CoV-2 virus. A comparison of zoonotic reservoirs of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses, agents of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS-CoV-2, as well as the clinical signs of the diseases, caused by them, are presented. The possible mechanism of epidemic outbreaks is considered. The chronology of COVID-19 outbreak (later escalated into a pandemic) from the beginning of December to the end of March, taxonomical and molecular-biological characteristics of ethiological agent of disease, SARS-CoV-2 virus, and its place on phylogenetic tree of coronaviruses are presented. The main directions of the struggle with the spread of the infection are considered.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.