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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nbsprot</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник войск РХБ защиты</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of NBC Protection Corps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2791</issn><publisher><publisher-name>27 Научный центр</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-2-123-135</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ufdtbu</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nbsprot-73</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЧЕСКОЕ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОРУЖИЕ В ВОЙНАХ И КОНФЛИКТАХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS IN WARS AND CONFLICTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Химическое оружие в ирано-иракской войне 1980–1988 годов. 5. Накопленный опыт лечения поражений сернистым ипритом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chemical Weapons in the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988). 5. Accumulated Experience in the Treatment of Lesions Caused by Sulfur Mustard</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супотницкий</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Supotnitskiy</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Супотницкий Михаил Васильевич. Главный специалист, канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр.</p><p>г. Москва, Бригадирский переулок, д. 13.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Vasilyevich Supotnitskiy. Senior Researcher. Chief Specialist. Candidate of Biological Sciences</p><p>Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">27nc_1@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «27 Научный центр» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Establishment «27 Scientific Centre» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Супотницкий М.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Супотницкий М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Supotnitskiy M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/73">https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/73</self-uri><abstract><p>Сернистый иприт широко использовался в ходе ирано-иранской войны (1980–1988 гг.) и в других конфликтах на Ближнем Востоке. Благодаря своей доступности он может быть применен террористическими организациями на территории Российской Федерации. Иран – единственная страна, против которой иприт применялся в условиях современной войны. Цель работы – анализ и обобщение опыта лечения массовых поражений военнослужащих сернистым ипритом, накопленного иранскими специалистами в ходе ирано-иракской войны 1980–1988 гг. Для подготовки статьи использовались официальные документы ООН, ЦРУ США, иранские работы и другие открытые источники. Установлено, что иракская армия применяла иприт в двух агрегатных состояниях – капельножидком и сухом. Сухой иприт – новинка той войны. Он представляет собой тонко измельченный кремнезем, пропитанный ипритом, размер частиц – менее 5 мкм. Первые клинически выраженные признаки поражения появлялись через 15 мин, в то время как действие иприта в капельножидком и парообразном состоянии могло начаться через несколько часов. Причиной тяжелых ипритных поражений иранских военнослужащих было отсутствие средств индивидуальной защиты, несвоевременная эвакуация из зоны заражения ипритом, отсутствие в боевых порядках мобильных запасов чистой воды и дегазационных установок, неправильная сортировка пораженных. Наиболее эффективным дегазирующим раствором для кожи, который можно применить при массовом поступлении пораженных ипритом, иранские специалисты считают 0,5 % раствор гипохлорита натрия. Единственным безопасным антидотом в реалиях войны остается тиосульфат натрия, но если его ввести отравленному в течение 60 мин после воздействия иприта. При эвакуации пострадавших и лечении в госпиталях в тяжелых случаях необходимо устанавливать внутривенный катетер, проводить трахеотомию с установлением трахеотомической трубки, как можно раньше использовать бронхоскопию для промывания бронхов. Лечение поражений кожи и глаз – консервативное. При перфорации роговицы, если ее диаметр составляет более 2 мм – кератопластика, менее – цианоакрилатный клей. Лечение поражений органов дыхания направлено на облегчение симптомов и уменьшение тяжести осложнений. Для этого применяют бронходилататоры, противокашлевые средства, муколитики и, при необходимости, антибиотики. Применение кортикостероидов должно быть ограничено лечением тех пациентов с бронхоспазмом, которым не помогают бронходилататоры. Из перспективных методов лечения ипритных поражений легких иранские врачи рассматривают генную терапию и лечение мезенхимальными стволовыми клетками.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Sulfur mustard was widely used during the Iran-Iraq war (1980–1988) and in other conflicts in the Middle East. Due to its availability, it can be used by terrorist organizations on the territory of the Russian Federation. Iran is the only country, against which mustard gas was used in modern warfare. The aim of this work is to analyze and summarize the experience of treating of sulfur mustard exposure, accumulated by Iranian specialists during the Iran-Iraq war (1980–1988). The UN official documents and materials, declassified CIA documents, articles of Iranian authors as well as other open sources have been used during its preparation. The Iraqi army used mustard gas in two aggregate states: liquid and dry. Dry mustard gas was a novelty of that war. It was a powdered silica steeped in mustard gas, with a particle size of less than 5 μm. The first signs and symptoms of poisoning could appear after 15 minutes, while acute poisoning effects of exposure to mustard gas vapour or liquid were typically delayed for several hours. The reasons for the severe mustard lesions of the servicemen were the lack of personal protective equipment, untimely evacuation from the mustard gas contamination zone, and the absence of mobile reserves of clean water and degassing installations in battle formations. Iranian experts consider 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution to be the most effective decontaminant. The only safe antidote is sodium thiosulfate, administered within 60 minutes after exposure to mustard gas. During the evacuation of victims and their treatment in hospitals it is necessary, in severe cases, to insert an intravenous catheter, carry out a tracheotomy with the installation of a tracheotomy tube, and use bronchoscopy as early as possible to flush the bronchi. The treatment of skin and eye lesions should be conservative. In case of a corneal perforation, if its diameter is more than 2 mm – keratoplasty, if it is less – cyanoacrylate glue. Treatment of respiratory lesions aims to relieve symptoms and reduce the severity of complications. For this, bronchodilators, antitussives, mucolytics and, if necessary, antibiotics are used. The use of corticosteroids should be limited to the treatment of those patients with bronchospasm, who can not be treated by bronchodilators. The Iranians also consider gene therapy and treatment with mesenchymal stem cells to be the promising method used in the treatment of lung lesions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генная терапия</kwd><kwd>дегазация</kwd><kwd>зоны контроля</kwd><kwd>ирано-иракская война</kwd><kwd>мезенхимальные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>отложенные осложнения</kwd><kwd>сернистый иприт</kwd><kwd>сухой иприт</kwd><kwd>тиосульфат натрия</kwd><kwd>химическое оружие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gene therapy</kwd><kwd>degassing</kwd><kwd>control zones</kwd><kwd>Iran-Iraq war</kwd><kwd>mesenchymal stem cells</kwd><kwd>delayed complications</kwd><kwd>sulfur mustard</kwd><kwd>dry mustard gas</kwd><kwd>sodium thiosulfate</kwd><kwd>chemical weapons</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karami Ali. Long Legacy // CBRNe WORLD. 2012. August. 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