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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nbsprot</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник войск РХБ защиты</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of NBC Protection Corps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2791</issn><publisher><publisher-name>27 Научный центр</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-3-236-246</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">boyzhz</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nbsprot-68</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Биологическая безопасность и защита от биологических угроз</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Biological Security and Protection against Biological Threats</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные подходы к решению задач по подготовке проб к анализу методом полимеразной цепной реакции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current State of Method Development for PCR Sample Peparations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихвинский</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhvinskiy</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тихвинский Михаил Сергеевич. Начальник группы научно-исследовательского отдела, канд. биол. наук.</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Sergeevich Tikhvinskiy. Chief Group of the Scientific and Research Department. Candidate of Biological Sciences.</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">23527@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobiov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воробьев Алексей Анатольевич. Ведущий научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела, д-р. биол. наук.</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey Anatolievich Vorobiov. Leading Researcher of the Scientific and Research Department. Doctor of Biological Sciences.</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">23527@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кибирев</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kibirev</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кибирев Ярослав Александрович. Начальник научно-исследовательского отдела, канд. биол. наук.</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslav Aleksandrovich Kibirev. Chief of the Scientific and Research Department. Candidate of Biological Sciences.</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">23527@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усенко</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usenko</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Усенко Геннадий Сергеевич. Старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела.</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennadii Sergeevich Usenko. Senior Researcher of the Scientific and Research Department.</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">23527@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлов Артем Игоревич. Младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела, канд. биол. наук.</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem Igorevich Kozlov. Junior researcher of the Scientific and Research Department. Candidate of Biological Sciences.</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">23527@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исупов</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isupov</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исупов Сергей Геннадьевич. Заместитель начальника научно-исследовательского отдела – начальник группы, канд. мед. наук.</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Gennadevich Isupov. Deputy Chief of the Scientific and Research Department. Candidate of Medical Sciences.</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">23527@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Филиал федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «48 Центральный научно- исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации (г. Киров)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Branch Office of the Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (Kirov)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>236</fpage><lpage>246</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тихвинский М.С., Воробьев А.А., Кибирев Я.А., Усенко Г.С., Козлов А.И., Исупов С.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тихвинский М.С., Воробьев А.А., Кибирев Я.А., Усенко Г.С., Козлов А.И., Исупов С.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tikhvinskiy M.S., Vorobiov A.A., Kibirev Y.A., Usenko G.S., Kozlov A.I., Isupov S.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/68">https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/68</self-uri><abstract><p>Чувствительность, специфичность и воспроизводимость молекулярно-генетических методов анализа во многом зависит от качества предварительной подготовки анализируемых образцов. В ходе пробоподготовки решаются задачи обеззараживания патогенного материала, лизирования клеточных мембран, удаления соединений, и примесей ингибирующих полимеразную цепную реакцию (ПЦР), а также концентрирования нуклеиновых кислот. Цель работы – выбор современных подходов к подготовке проб к анализу методом ПЦР. Среди многообразия различных способов подготовки проб наибольшее распространение получили методы, основанные на химическом лизисе клеточных мембран с применением хаотропных соединений, с последующей очисткой нуклеиновых кислот твердофазной экстракцией с применением магнитных частиц. Этот подход реализован как в коммерческих наборах реагентов для ручной пробоподготовки, так и в различных автоматизированных системах для выделения нуклеиновых кислот. Анализ серийно выпускаемых станций для выделения нуклеиновых кислот, показал, что их технические характеристики схожи: продолжительность одного цикла выделения 40–90 мин; Объем анализируемых проб – от 0,1 до 2,0 мл; количество одновременно обрабатываемых проб max – 96, min – 8. Метод выделения нуклеиновой кислоты – магнитные частицы. Основные различия заключаются по виду анализируемых образцов, и технологий лизиса исследуемого материала и экстракции ДНК. Наш опыт применения содержащих магнитные частицы наборов для выделения нуклеиновых кислот, как в стационарных лабораториях, так и в полевых условиях, в частности, при эксплуатации многофункционального мобильного модульного комплекса «Сыч», подтверждает эффективность и надежность этой технологии. Дальнейшее развитие и совершенствование аппаратурного обеспечения таких работ будет, очевидно, направлено на миниатюризацию оборудования, разработку полевых портативных автоматических станций выделения нуклеиновых кислот, а также интеграцию процесса подготовки проб и их анализа методом ПЦР в одном устройстве.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of molecular genetic methods of analysis largely depend on the quality of the preliminary preparation of the analyzed samples. During the sample preparation, the tasks of disinfecting pathogenic material, lysing cell membranes, removing compounds and impurities that inhibit the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as well as concentrating nucleic acids are solved. The purpose of this work is to select modern approaches to sample preparation for the PCR. Among the variety of different methods of sample preparation, the most widespread are the methods based on chemical lysis of cell membranes using chaotropic compounds, followed by purification of nucleic acids by solid-phase extraction using magnetic particles. This approach is implemented both in commercial kits for manual sample preparation and in various automated systems for the isolation of nucleic acids. The analysis of commercially available stations for the isolation of nucleic acids shows that their technical characteristics are similar: the duration of one isolation cycle is 40–90 minutes; the volume of the analyzed samples is from 0.1 to 2.0 ml; the number of simultaneously processed samples max – 96, min – 8. The method of the nucleic acid isolation is the magnetic particles. The main differences are in the type of analyzed samples, and technologies for lysis of the test material and DNA extraction. Our experience in the use of magnetic particle kits for the isolation of nucleic acids, both in stationary and in field laboratories confirms the effectiveness and reliability of this technology. Further development and improvement of the hardware for such work will, obviously, be aimed at miniaturizing the equipment, developing field portable automatic nucleic acid extraction stations, as well as integrating the process of sample preparation and analysis by PCR in one device.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>автоматизированные системы</kwd><kwd>идентификация</kwd><kwd>комплекс «Сыч»</kwd><kwd>лизис</kwd><kwd>нуклеиновые кислоты</kwd><kwd>патогены</kwd><kwd>подготовка проб</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>экстракция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>automated systems</kwd><kwd>identification</kwd><kwd>lysis</kwd><kwd>nucleic acids</kwd><kwd>pathogens</kwd><kwd>sample preparation</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction</kwd><kwd>extraction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bloomfield M., Balm M., Blackmore T. 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