nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-1-42-53mbipwunbsprot-53Research ArticleБиологическая безопасность и защита от биологических угрозBiological Security and Protection against Biological ThreatsОценка потенциальной опасности коронавирусов животных как патогенов человекаThe Evaluation оf Potential Threat оf Animal’s Coronaviruses аs Human’s PatogensСизиковаТ. Е.SizikovaT. E.

Сизикова Татьяна Евгеньевна. Научный сотрудник, канд. биол. наук.

141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11

Tatyana Yevgenievna Sizikova. Researcher, Candidate of Biologic Sciences.

Oktyabrskaya Street 11, Sergiev Posad 141306

48cnii@mil.ruЛебедевВ. Н.LebedevV. N.

Лебедев Виталий Николаевич. Ведущий научный сотрудник, д-р биол. наук, проф.

141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11

Vitaly Nikolayevich Lebedev. Leading researcher, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor.

Oktyabrskaya Street 11, Sergiev Posad 141306

48cnii@mil.ruБорисевичС. В.BorisevichS. V.

Борисевич Сергей Владимирович. Начальник Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России, д-р биол. наук, проф., чл.корр. РАН, полковник медицинской службы.

141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11

Sergey Vladimirovich Borisevich. Head of Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Corresponding member of Russian Academy of Sciences. Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor.

Oktyabrskaya Street 11, Sergiev Posad 141306

48cnii@mil.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defens of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202108062021514253Copyright © Сизикова Т.Е., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В., 20212021Сизикова Т.Е., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В.Sizikova T.E., Lebedev V.N., Borisevich S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/53

Интродукция коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 из природного резервуара в человеческую популяцию, впоследствии вызвавшая пандемию COVID-19, оказавшую огромное влияние на все сферы деятельности человечества, повысила интерес к данной группе вирусов. С учетом того, что такая интродукция коронавируса была уже третьей по счету в XXI в. (после вспышек, вызванных вирусами SARS-CoV и MERS-CoV), имеются достаточно веские основания опасаться в дальнейшем появления новых заболеваний, этиологическими агентами которых будут представители семейства Coronaviridae. Цель обзора – оценка потенциальной опасности коронавирусов животных как возможных патогенов человека. Рассмотрены: спонтанное формирование в процессе эволюции коронавирусов животных, являющихся патогенными для человека; возможность трансмиссии коронавируса человека животным, его генетическое взаимодействие с этим возбудителем, приобретение вирусным потомством набора новых свойств и обратная трансмиссия от животного к человеку возбудителя. Коронавирусы животных рассмотрены по принадлежности к определенной таксономической группе их естественных хозяев. Основное внимание уделено коронавирусам летучих мышей (как животных, являющихся резервуаром вирусов SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV и SARS-CoV-2), коронавирусам птиц, ввиду потенциальной способности данных теплокровных стать векторами распространения новых эмерджентных заболеваний, а также коронавирусам плотоядных, ввиду установленной возможности трансмиссии вируса SARS-CoV-2 от человека к норкам и от норок – к человеку. Изучение особенностей молекулярной эволюции коронавирусов животных поможет лучше понять механизмы возникновения и адаптации к человеку возбудителей эмерджентных вирусных заболеваний.

The introduction of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus from a natural reservoir into the human population subsequently caused the COVID-19 pandemic, that had a huge impact on all spheres of human activity dramatically increased interest in this group of viruses. Given that such an introduction of the coronavirus was already the third in a row in 21 century (after outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses), there are quite good reasons to fear the appearance of new diseases, the etiological agents of which will be representatives of the Coronaviridae family in the future. The purpose of this review is to assess the potential risk of coronaviruses of animals as possible human pathogens. When preparing the review, the following data were used: data published in leading foreign journals as well as in Internet sources that address some aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The following main aspects of this problem are considered: a spontaneous formation during the evolution of animal coronaviruses, highly pathogenic to humans; a possibility of transmission of human coronavirus to animals, its genetic interaction with the coronavirus, the owner of which is this animal, the acquisition of viral progeny, a set of new properties and reverse transmission from animal to man a pathogen that may have increased pathogenicity. Animal coronaviruses are considered by belonging to a certain taxonomic group of their natural hosts. The main focus is on bat coronaviruses (as a reservoir of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses), as well as avian coronaviruses, due to the potential ability of these animals to become vectors of spread of new emergent diseases and the coronaviruses of carnivores, due to the established during the COVID-19 pandemic fact of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from man to mink and from mink to man. Studying the features of molecular evolution it will help you better understand the mechanisms of occurrence and adaptation to humans pathogens of emergent viral diseases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.