nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2026-10-2-156-178UEAGYMnbsprot-453Research ArticleВООРУЖЕНИЯ И СРЕДСТВА ВОЙСК РХБ ЗАЩИТЫWEAPONS AND MEANS OF NBC PROTECTION TROOPСовершенствование технологии защиты органов дыхания военнослужащих и гражданского населения от радиоактивного йода, образующегося при авариях на атомных электростанцияхImprovement of technology for protection of respiratory organs of military personnel and civilians from radioactive iodine formed in accidents at nuclear power plantsКолесниковП. Н.KolesnikovP. N.

Колесников Павел Николаевич, Старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории, канд. хим. наук, доцент, профессор АВН,

156015, г. Кострома, ул. Горького, д. 16. 

AuthorID: 877809. 

Pavel N. Kolesnikov, Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory, Cand. Sci. (Chim.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, 

Gorky Street, 16, Kostroma 156015.

AuthorID: 877809. 

varhbz@mil.ruБакинА. Н.BakinA. N.

Бакин Алексей Николаевич, Заместитель начальника Военной академии радиационной, химической и биологической защиты по учебной и научной работе, канд. биол. наук, доцент, профессор АВН,

156015, г. Кострома, ул. Горького, д. 16. 

Alexey N. Bakin, Deputy Head of the Academy for educational and scientific work, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences,

Gorky Street, 16, Kostroma 156015.

ШатохинА. В.ShatokhinA. V.

Шатохин Анатолий Васильевич, Старший научный сотрудник, канд. техн. наук,

111024, г. Москва, проезд Энтузиастов, д. 19.

Anatoliy V. Shatokhin, Senior Research Fellow, Cand. Sci. (Techn.),

Entuziastov Proezd, 19, Moscow 111024.

ЦветковА. А.TsvetkovA. A.

Цветков Алексей Александрович, Начальник кафедры, канд. хим. наук, доцент,

156015, г. Кострома, ул. Горького, д. 16. 

Alexey A. Tsvetkov, Head of Department, Cand. Sci. (Chim.), Associate Professor,

Gorky Street, 16, Kostroma 156015.

БолотовА. М.BolotovA. M.

Болотов Андрей Михайлович, Научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории,

156015, г. Кострома, ул. Горького, д. 16. 

Andrey M. Bolotov, Researcher at the research laboratory,

Gorky Street, 16, Kostroma 156015.

МукановаН. К.MukanovaN. K.

Муканова Наталья Константиновна, Научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории, канд. техн. наук,

 156015, г. Кострома, ул. Горького, д. 16. 

Natalia K. Mukanova, Researcher of the research laboratory, Cand. Sci. (Techn.),

Gorky Street, 16, Kostroma 156015.

МацюкГ. В.MatsyukG. V.

Мацюк Григорий Владимирович, Начальник научно-исследовательской лаборатории, канд. техн. наук, старший научный сотрудник,

156015, г. Кострома, ул. Горького, д. 16.

Grigory V. Matsyuk, Head of the research laboratory, Cand. Sci. (Techn.), Senior Researcher,

Gorky Street, 16, Kostroma 156015.

КравченкоЛ. В.KravchenkoL. V.

Кравченко Любовь Владимировна, Младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории,

156015, г. Кострома, ул. Горького, д. 16. 

Lyubov V. Kravchenko, Junior Researcher of the research laboratory,

Gorky Street, 16, Kostroma 156015.

КолесниковаА. П.KolesnikovaAlena P.

Колесникова Алена Павловна, Студент,

150000, г. Ярославль, ул. Революционная, 5.

Alena P. Kolesnikova, Student,

Revolutionary St., 5, Yaroslavl 150000.

Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Военная академия радиационной, химической и биологической защиты имени Маршала Советского Союза С.К. Тимошенко (г. Кострома)» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссияNuclear Biological Chemical Defence Military Academy Named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko (Kostroma) of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «27 Научный центр имени академика Н.Д. Зелинского» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссияScientific Centre Named after Academician N.D. Zelinsky of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Ярославский Государственный медицинский университетРоссияYaroslavl State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202606092026102156178Copyright © Колесников П.Н., Бакин А.Н., Шатохин А.В., Цветков А.А., Болотов А.М., Муканова Н.К., Мацюк Г.В., Кравченко Л.В., Колесникова А.П., 20262026Колесников П.Н., Бакин А.Н., Шатохин А.В., Цветков А.А., Болотов А.М., Муканова Н.К., Мацюк Г.В., Кравченко Л.В., Колесникова А.П.Kolesnikov P.N., Bakin A.N., Shatokhin A.V., Tsvetkov A.A., Bolotov A.M., Mukanova N.K., Matsyuk G.V., Kravchenko L.V., Kolesnikova A.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/453Основные моменты

Основные моменты

- Разработана пропитка для фильтрующих материалов, увеличивающая время защитного действия (ВЗД) респиратора от радиоактивного йода в 15,9 раза.

- Технология основана на доступных компонентах (тиосульфат натрия, глицерин, хлоргексидин), что обеспечивает многократно более низкую стоимость по сравнению с существующими аналогами.

Актуальность

Актуальность. При авариях на АЭС (Чернобыль, Фукусима) выброс радиоактивного йода-131 ([131] I) создает критическую угрозу для здоровья из-за быстрого поступления через дыхательные пути. Существующие средства индивидуальной защиты органов дыхания (СИЗОД) имеют недостаточную эффективность против органических соединений йода и высокую стоимость, что ограничивает возможность их массового применения.

Цель работы разработка и экспериментальное обоснование комплекса средств повышения эффективности защиты органов дыхания от радиоактивного йода и его летучих органических соединений (CH3I, C2H5I), образующихся при авариях на атомных электростанциях.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Исследованы сорбционные элементы из пенополиуретана марок ST-1832 и ST-2238. Пропитки готовили на основе водных растворов тиосульфата натрия (0–50 %), глицерина и 0,05 % раствора хлоргексидина. Композицию наносили распылителем триггерного типа (расход 0,15 мл/см[2] ). Испытания проводили на специально разработанной установке при температуре 20±1 °C, концентрации паров йода 4,16 г/м[3] , расходе воздуха 15±0,3 л/мин. Время защитного действия фиксировали по появлению синего окрашивания в крахмальном индикаторе. Каждый эксперимент повторен не менее 6 раз. Статистическую обработку (проверка на промахи по критерию Смирнова–Граббса, линейная регрессия) выполняли в MS Excel.

Результаты

Результаты. Разработаны:

- многокомпонентная пропитка (тиосульфат натрия 50 %, глицерин, 0,05 % раствор хлоргексидина в равных объемах), увеличивающая ВЗД пенополиуретана ST 1832 с 7,6±0,4 до 77,8±3,9 мин (в 10,2 раза);

- экспериментальная установка для определения ВЗД фильтрующих материалов;

- сменный фильтрующий элемент из пенополиуретана с модульной конструкцией;

- технология равномерного нанесения пропитки и модификации серийных респираторов (на примере 3М).

Для образца ST-2238 с пропиткой 50 % раствором тиосульфата натрия в составе респиратора 3М ВЗД достигло 120,7±6,0 мин, емкость по I2 7531,7±376,6 мг, что в 15,9 раза превышает показатель стандартного респиратора Р-2. Установлена линейная зависимость ВЗД от концентрации тиосульфата натрия (R[2] =0,98). Поданы 4 заявки на изобретение и 4 заявки на полезную модель.

Вывод

Вывод. Созданные технические решения обеспечивают увеличение времени защитного действия в 15,9 раза, используют доступные компоненты, не требуют сложного оборудования и пригодны для массового применения при формировании стратегических запасов и оснащении ликвидаторов последствий радиационных аварий.

Практическая значимость работы. Полученные результаты позволяют существенно повысить эффективность и доступность СИЗОД от радиоактивного йода для оснащения личного состава, задействованного в ликвидации последствий радиационных аварий.

Highlights

Highlights

- An impregnation for filtering materials has been developed, increasing the protective action time (PAT) of a respirator against radioactive iodine by a factor of 15.9.

- The technology is based on readily available components (sodium thiosulfate, glycerin, chlorhexidine), which makes it significantly cheaper than existing analogues.

Relevance

Relevance. During accidents at nuclear power plants (Chernobyl, Fukushima), the release of radioactive iodine-131 ([131] I) poses a critical health threat due to its rapid entry through the respiratory tract. Existing respiratory protective devices (RPD) have insufficient effectiveness against organic iodine compounds and are expensive, which limits their widespread use.

Purpose of the study is to develop and experimentally justify a set of measures for improving the effectiveness of respiratory protection against radioactive iodine and its volatile organic compounds (CH3I, C2H5I) generated during accidents at nuclear power plants.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods. Sorption elements made of polyurethane foam grades ST-1832 and ST-2238 were studied. Impregnations were prepared based on aqueous solutions of sodium thiosulfate (0–50%), glycerin and 0.05% chlorhexidine solution. The composition was applied using a trigger sprayer (consumption 0.15 mL/cm[2] ). Tests were carried out using a specially designed setup at a temperature of 20±1 °C, iodine vapour concentration of 4.16 g/m[3] , and air flow rate of 15±0.3 L/min. The protective action time was recorded when a blue colour appeared in the starch indicator. Each experiment was repeated at least six times. Statistical processing (outlier detection using the SmirnovGrubbs test, linear regression) was performed in MS Excel.

Results

Results. The following were developed:

- a multicomponent impregnation (50% sodium thiosulfate, glycerin, 0.05% chlorhexidine solution in equal volumes), increasing the PAT of ST-1832 polyurethane foam from 7.6±0.4 to 77.8±3.9 min (by a factor of 10.2);

- an experimental setup for determining the PAT of filtering materials;

- a replaceable filter element made of polyurethane foam with a modular design;

- a technology for uniform impregnation application and modification of commercially available respirators (using the 3M respirator as an example).

For the ST-2238 sample impregnated with a 50% sodium thiosulfate solution and placed in a 3M respirator, the PAT reached 120.7±6.0 min, and the I2 capacity was 7531.7±376.6 mg, which is 15.9 times higher than that of the standard R-2 respirator. A linear dependence of PAT on sodium thiosulfate concentration was established (R2 = 0.98). Four patent applications and four utility model applications have been filed.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The developed technical solutions provide a 15.9 fold increase in protective action time, use readily available components, do not require sophisticated equipment, and are suitable for mass application when building strategic reserves and equipping personnel involved in the aftermath of radiation accidents.

Practical significance of the work . The obtained results allow a substantial improvement in the effectiveness and affordability of respiratory protective devices against radioactive iodine for equipping personnel involved in the aftermath of radiation accidents.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.