nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2026-10-1-44-63nbsprot-440Research ArticleВООРУЖЕНИЯ И СРЕДСТВА ВОЙСК РХБ ЗАЩИТЫWEAPONS AND MEANS OF NBC PROTECTION TROOPИммуночипы – современные средства специфической индикации патогенных биологических агентовImmunochips – modern tools for specific detection of pathogenic biological agentsЗиганшинЭ. Р.ZiganshinE. R.

Зиганшин Эдуард Ренатович. Старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела

Eduard R. Ziganshin. Senior researcher of the Scientific and Researcher Department.

КытмановА. А.KytmanovA. A.

Кытманов Алексей Александрович. Научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела, канд. биол. наук.

Aleksey A. Kytmanov. Researcher of the Scientific and Researcher Department. Cand. Sci. (Biol.).

23527@mil.ruПеченкинД. В.PechenkinD. V.

Печенкин Денис Валериевич. Начальник научно-исследовательского отдела, д-р мед. наук

Denis V. Pechenkin. Chief of the Scientific and Researcher Department. Dr. Sci. (Med.).

КузнецовскийА. В.KuznetsovskyA. V.

Кузнецовский Андрей Владимирович. Начальник отдела планирования НИР – заместитель начальника филиала по НИР, канд. биол. наук

Andrey V. Kuznetsovsky. Chief of the Department of Planning of Scientific and Researcher – Deputy Chief of the Branch. Cand. Sci. (Biol.).

ВоробьевА. А.VorobevA. A.

Воробьев Алексей Анатольевич. Главный научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского управления, д-р биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр.

Aleksey А. Vorobev. Leading Researcher. Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher.

Филиал федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт (г. Киров)» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации 610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119РоссияBranch of the 48 Central Scientific Research Institute (Kirov) of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian FederationRussian Federation2026050520261014463Copyright © Зиганшин Э.Р., Кытманов А.А., Печенкин Д.В., Кузнецовский А.В., Воробьев А.А., 20262026Зиганшин Э.Р., Кытманов А.А., Печенкин Д.В., Кузнецовский А.В., Воробьев А.А.Ziganshin E.R., Kytmanov A.A., Pechenkin D.V., Kuznetsovsky A.V., Vorobev A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/440

Основные моменты   Технология иммуночипов обеспечивает мультиплексную (одновременную) идентификацию широкого спектра патогенов и токсинов с высокой чувствительностью и скоростью анализа (1,5-2,0 часа). Ключевые преимущества технологии – возможность миниатюризации и автоматизации – определяют потенциал для создания нового поколения средств полевой биологической разведки. Актуальность. Оперативное выявление и идентификация биологических угроз является критической задачей для обеспечения безопасности войск. Существующие методы полевой индикации не обладают необходимой мультиплексностью и скоростью, что задерживает оценку обстановки и принятие решений. Цель исследования – анализ современных технологий мультианалитных иммуночипов и оценка перспективы их адаптации и применения для оснащения войск радиационной, химической и биологической (РХБ) защиты в аспекте повышения эффективности биологической разведки. Источниковая база исследования. Данные из открытых международных научных баз (Scopus, PubMed), публикаций в рецензируемых журналах, материалов конференций и патентных документов. Метод исследования. Систематический анализ и обобщение научно-технической информации по различным платформам иммуночипов (планарные, суспензионные, микрофлюидные) и принципы детекции (оптические, электрохимические). Результаты. Систематизированы характеристики современных иммуночиповых систем, способных обнаруживать возбудителей сибирской язвы, чумы, туляремии, ботулинические токсины, рицин и другие агенты с высокой чувствительностью (до 103 КОЕ/мл для бактерий, единицы нг/мл для токсинов). Заключение. Технология иммуночипов достигла уровня, пригодного для создания нового поколения средств полевой биологической разведки. Ее внедрение позволит осуществить переход к оперативному мультиплексному скринингу угроз, что кардинально повысит эффективность обороны войск РХБ защиты. Перспективным направлением является разработка унифицированных и адаптивных платформ. Практическая значимость работы. Результаты работы формируют основу для разработки перспективных образцов вооружения войск РХБ защиты: 1) мобильных многокомпонентных анализаторов для лабораторий на базе комплексов типа «Сыч»; 2) портативных детекторов для нештатных разведывательных групп; 3) стационарных автоматизированных постов для мониторинга воздуха на критически важных объектах. Внедрение подобных систем позволит радикально сократить время отбора и анализа проб, повысив оперативность и обоснованность решений по биологической защите войск.

Highlights Immunochip technology provides multiplex (simultaneous) identification of a wide spectrum of pathogens and toxins with high sensitivity and rapid analysis time (15–30 minutes). Its key advantages – the potential for miniaturization and automation – determine its suitability for creating a new generation of field biological reconnaissance tools. Relevance. The rapid detection and identification of biological threats is a critical task for ensuring troop safety. Existing field detection methods lack the necessary multiplexing capability and speed, which delays situational assessment and   decision-making. Purpose of the study is to analyze modern multianalyte immunochip technologies and assess the prospects for their adaptation and application in equipping Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) defense troops to enhance the effectiveness of biological reconnaissance. Study base sources. An analysis of data from open international scientific databases (Scopus, PubMed), publications in peer-reviewed journals, conference materials, and patent documents related to the development and application of immunochips for the detection of pathogenic biological agents was conducted. Research method. Methods of systematic analysis and synthesis of scientific and technical information were applied. Various immunochip platforms (planar, suspension, microfluidic) and detection principles (optical, electrochemical) were reviewed. Results. The characteristics of modern immunochip systems capable of detecting the causative agents of anthrax, plague, tularemia, botulinum toxins, ricin, and other agents with high sensitivity (up to 103 CFU/ml for bacteria, single ng/ml for toxins) have been systematized. Conclusion. Immuno-chip technology has reached a level suitable for creating a new generation of field biological reconnaissance tools. Its implementation will allow for the transition to operational multiplex threat screening, which will significantly improve the effectiveness of CBRN defense forces. The development of unified and adaptive platforms is a promising area. Practical significance of the work. The results of the work form the basis for the development of prospective equipment models for RCB Defense troops: 1) mobile multi-component analyzers for laboratories based on complexes like "Sych"; 2) portable detectors for non-standard reconnaissance groups; 3) stationary automated posts for air monitoring at critical facilities. The implementation of such systems will drastically reduce sample collection and analysis time, increasing the timeliness and validity of decisions regarding the biological protection of troops.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.