nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2025-9-4-370-382nbsprot-433Research ArticleХИМИЧЕСКОЕ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОРУЖИЕ В ВОЙНАХ И КОНФЛИКТАХCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS IN WARS AND CONFLICTSИсследование возникновения в 1977 году эпидемии лихорадки долины Рифт в ЕгиптеA study of the occurrence of the Rift valley fever epidemic in Egypt in 1977https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5996-3985МаркинВ. А.MarkinV. A.

Маркин Владимир Александрович, д-р мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр., ведущий научный сотрудник.

141306, Московская область, Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11

Vladimir A. Markin. Dr Sci. (Med.), Senior research, leading research fellow.

Oktyabrskaya Street, 11, Sergiev Posad-6 141306

vamarkin72@gmail.comФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссия48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian FederationRussian Federation20251601202694370382Copyright © Маркин В.А., 20262026Маркин В.А.Markin V.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/433

Основные моментыЭпидемия лихорадки долины Рифт (ЛДР) в Египте (1977 г.) была искусственно вызвана американскими военными во время египетско-израильского конфликта.Созданный высокопатогенный для человека штамм вируса распространился по Африке и за ее пределами.Актуальность. Деятельность военно-биологических лабораторий США, включая сбор патогенов, угрожает глобальной биобезопасности, особенно вблизи границ России.Цель исследования – изучение причин эпидемии ЛДР в Египте (1977 г.).Источниковая база исследования. Англоязычные научные публикации из Интернета и научных библиотек.Метод исследования. Аналитический.Обсуждение. Вспышка началась 28 сентября 1977 г. в военных лагерях и прилегающих деревнях, поразив ~18 тыс. человек. Зона заражения имела сигарообразную форму, характерную для аэрозольного применения биологического агента. Направление ветра перед эпидемией совпадало с осью распространения. Летальность достигла 3,3 %. Ранее ЛДР севернее Сахары не регистрировали, а в эндемичных районах протекала легко. В 1960-х гг. Медицинский научно-исследовательский институт инфекционных заболеваний армии США (United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, USAMRIID) модифицировал вирус ЛДР, создав высокопатогенный штамм и биологические боеприпасы на его основе. Перед вспышкой персонал американской лаборатории NAMRU-3 и войск ООН был вакцинирован экспериментальной вакциной NDBR-103. NAMRU-3 идентифицировал возбудитель за 30 ч (в других вспышках – до 6 мес.). В целом, анализ сведений об эпидемии ЛДР в Египте в 1977 г. показывает, что ее характеристики во многом соответствуют критериям «неправильной эпидемиологии болезни», доказывающим ее искусственное происхождение.Выводы. Эпидемия ЛДР в Египте – результат биологической атаки США с использованием штамма, вероятно, созданного на основе изолята Zimbabwe-1974. Его распространение привело к вытеснению менее патогенных вариантов в Африке. Случай демонстрирует опасность военно-биологических программ США для мира.

HighlightsThe 1977 Rift valley fever (RVF) epidemic in Egypt was deliberately instigated by U.S. military forces during the Egyptian-Israeli conflict. The artificially engineered, highly pathogenic human strain of the RVF virus subsequently spread across Africa and beyond.Relevance. The global expansion of U.S. military-biological laboratories, including their collection and study of highthreat pathogens, poses a direct risk to international biosecurity, particularly near Russia’s borders.Purpose of the study is to investigate the origins of the 1977 RVF outbreak in Egypt.Study base sources. English-language scientific publications from online databases and academic libraries.Method. Analytical.Discussion. The outbreak began abruptly on September 28, 1977, in military encampments and adjacent villages, infecting ~18,000 individuals. The contamination zone exhibited a cigar-shaped dispersion pattern, consistent with aerosolized delivery of a biological warfare agent. Ground-level wind direction in the preceding 72 hours aligned with the outbreak’s longitudinal axis. The case fatality rate (3.3%) was unprecedented, as RVF had never been documented north of the Sahara and was previously a non-lethal, flu-like illness in endemic regions.In the 1960s United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) conducted genetic and aerobiological modifications to the RVF virus, developing a highly pathogenic strain for weaponization. Prior to the outbreak, personnel at the U.S.-operated NAMRU-3 facility and UN peacekeeping contingents were preemptively vaccinated with the experimental NDBR-103 vaccine. NAMRU-3 identified the pathogen within 30 hours – versus 6 months in prior outbreaks – indicating foreknowledge of the agent. These findings confirm intentional deployment of the virus against Egyptian military positions.Conclusions. The 1977 RVF epidemic in Egypt resulted from a covert biological attack using a weaponized strain, likely derived from the Zimbabwe-1974 isolate. The subsequent continental spread of this engineered variant displaced less pathogenic strains, demonstrating the destabilizing consequences of U.S. biowarfare programs. This incident underscores the threat posed by offensive military-biological research to global security.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.