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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nbsprot</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник войск РХБ защиты</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of NBC Protection Corps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2791</issn><publisher><publisher-name>27 Научный центр</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35825/2587-5728-2025-9-4-345-369</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nbsprot-431</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОБЛЮДЕНИЯ КОНВЕНЦИЙ ПО ЗАПРЕЩЕНИЮ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОРУЖИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF COMPLIANCE WITH CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CONVENTIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структурная идентификация и сравнительная оценка содержания метаболитов инкапаситанта BZ в моче и плазме крови крыс</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural identification and comparative assessment of the content of BZ incapacitant metabolite in rat urine and blood plasma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коваленко Ирина Игоревна. Младший научный сотрудник.</p><p>111024, г. Москва, проезд Энтузиастов, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina I. Kovalenko. Researcher.</p><p>Entuziastov Proezd, 19, Moscow 111024</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">27nc_l@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярлыченко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iarlychenko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярлыченко Алексей Сергеевич. Младший научный сотрудник.</p><p>111024, г. Москва, проезд Энтузиастов, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey S. Iarlychenko. Researcher.</p><p>Entuziastov Proezd, 19, Moscow 111024</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">27nc_l@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ставитская</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stavitskaya</surname><given-names>J. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ставитская Яна Вадимовна. Научный сотрудник.</p><p>111024, г. Москва, проезд Энтузиастов, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Jana V. Stavitskaya. Researcher.</p><p>Entuziastov Proezd, 19, Moscow 111024</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">27nc_l@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колосова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolosova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колосова Наталья Александровна. Старший научный сотрудник, канд.биол.наук.</p><p>111024, г. Москва, проезд Энтузиастов, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya A. Kolosova. Senior Researcher. PhD.</p><p>Entuziastov Proezd, 19, Moscow 111024</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">27nc_l@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбальченко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybalchenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыбальченко Игорь Владимирович. Главный научный сотрудник, д-р хим. наук.</p><p>111024, г. Москва, проезд Энтузиастов, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Rybalchenko. Senior Researcher. Dr Sci. (Chem).</p><p>Entuziastov Proezd, 19, Moscow 111024</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">27nc_l@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5971-5989</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьев Андрей Михайлович. Старший научный сотрудник, д-р хим. наук.</p><p>111024, г. Москва, проезд Энтузиастов, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrej M. Grigoryev. Senior Researcher. Dr Sci. (Chem).</p><p>Entuziastov Proezd, 19, Moscow 111024</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">27nc_l@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «27 Научный центр имени академика Н.Д. Зелинского» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>27 Scientific Center Named after Academician N.D. Zelinsky of the Ministry of Defence of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>345</fpage><lpage>369</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коваленко И.И., Ярлыченко А.С., Ставитская Я.В., Колосова Н.А., Рыбальченко И.В., Григорьев А.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коваленко И.И., Ярлыченко А.С., Ставитская Я.В., Колосова Н.А., Рыбальченко И.В., Григорьев А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovalenko I.I., Iarlychenko A.S., Stavitskaya J.V., Kolosova N.A., Rybalchenko I.V., Grigoryev A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/431">https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/431</self-uri><abstract><p>Основные моменты- в зоне специальной военной операции отмечается применение украинскими вооруженными и террористическими формированиями нелетальных отравляющих веществ, что является нарушением Конвенции о запрещении разработки, производства, накопления и применения химического оружия и его уничтожении (КЗХО);- разработан хромато-масс-спектрометрический способ, позволяющий установить факт отравления BZ и его аналогами по их метаболитам в моче и плазме крови.Актуальность. Начиная с 2022 г., в зоне СВО дважды фиксировались случаи обнаружения вещества EA-3167, структурного и функционального аналога инкапаситанта BZ, включенного в Список 2 КЗХО. Отмечены случаи отравления российских военнослужащих. Несмотря на давнее открытие самого BZ, сведения о его метаболизме и возможных маркерах отравления, опубликованные в открытых источниках, крайне неполны и недостаточны.Цель работы – обнаружение и структурная идентификация метаболитов BZ в моче и плазме крови крыс; оценка относительного содержания BZ и его метаболитов.Материалы и методы. Жидкостная и газовая хроматография-масс-спектрометрия высокого разрешения. Оценка относительного содержания метаболитов BZ проводилась исходя из величин интенсивностей (площадей) пиков метаболитов в условиях жидкостной хроматографии-масс-спектрометрии высокого разрешения. Определялись характеристики метаболитов, характерных для отравления BZ.Результаты. В моче и плазме крови крыс предположительно идентифицировали более 40 метаболитов BZ, образованных в результате окислительных и (частично) гидролитических модификаций исходной молекулы. Структуры окисленных метаболитов фазы I содержали до четырех дополнительных атомов кислорода, входящих в состав гидроксильных групп на фенильных остатках и N-оксида. Метаболиты фазы I подвержены интенсивному конъюгированию с образованием O-метильных и глюкуронидированных форм, а также их комбинаций. Было найдено, что содержание ряда метаболитов в моче (в том числе глюкуронида дигидроксилированного метилированного метаболита) увеличивалось вплоть до 24 ч после экспонирования. Неизмененный BZ присутствовал в моче крыс лишь в небольших концентрациях.Выводы. Для подтверждения отравления BZ методом хроматографии-масс-спектрометрии наиболее удобны моногидроксилированные, N-окисленные и дигидроксилированные метилированные формы. При значительном времени после отравления рекомендуется обнаружение глюкуронидов моногидроксилированных и дигидроксилированных метилированных метаболитов.Практическая значимость работы. Разработанный подход позволяет объективно подтверждать факт отравления инкапаситантом BZ и его аналогами по стабильным метаболитам в биосредах. Результаты работы имеют важное прикладное значение для химико-аналитического обеспечения контроля за соблюдением КЗХО и судебно-медицинской экспертизы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Highlights- use of non-lethal chemical agents by Ukrainian armed and terrorist formations has been documented in the Special Military Operation zone, constituting a violation of the Chemical Weapons Convention;- a chromatographic-mass spectrometric method has been developed to confirm exposure to BZ and its analogs through identification of their metabolites in urine and blood plasma.Relevance. Since 2022, two instances of EA-3167 detection have been recorded in the SMO zone - a structural and functional analog of the incapacitating agent BZ listed in Schedule 2 of the CWC. Cases of intoxication among Russian military personnel have been reported. Despite BZ being known for decades, information about its metabolism and potential exposure markers in open sources remains extremely limited and insufficient.Purpose of the study is to detect and structurally identify BZ metabolites in rat urine and blood plasma; to assess the relative content of BZ and its metabolites.Materials and Methods. High-resolution liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Evaluation of relative metabolite content was based on peak intensity (area) measurements under HPLC-HRMS conditions. Characteristics of metabolites specific to BZ exposure were determined.Results. Over 40 BZ metabolites formed through oxidative and (partially) hydrolytic modifications.Conclusion. For of the parent molecule were tentatively identified in rat urine and plasma. Structures of Phase I oxidized metabolites contained up to four additional oxygen atoms incorporated as hydroxyl groups on phenyl residues and N-oxide. Phase I metabolites undergo intensive conjugation forming O-methylated and glucuronidated forms, and their combinations. Levels of several metabolites in urine (including glucuronide of dihydroxylated methylated metabolite) increased up to 24 hours post-exposure. Unchanged BZ was present in rat urine only in minor concentrations.forensic confirmation of BZ exposure using chromatography-mass spectrometry, monohydroxylated, N-oxidized, and dihydroxylated methylated forms are most suitable. When significant time has passed after exposure, detection of glucuronides of monohydroxylated and dihydroxylated methylated metabolites is recommended.Practical significance of the work. The developed approach allows for the objective confirmation of poisoning by the incapacitating agent BZ and its analogues through the detection of stable metabolites in biological samples. The results are of high practical importance for chemical-analytical support in monitoring compliance with the Chemical Weapons Convention and for forensic medical examination.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>BZ</kwd><kwd>EA-3167</kwd><kwd>газовая хроматомасс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>жидкостная хромато-масс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>инкапаситанты</kwd><kwd>метаболиты</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>специальная военная операция</kwd><kwd>точные массы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>accurate masses</kwd><kwd>BZ</kwd><kwd>EA-3167</kwd><kwd>gas chromatography-mass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>incapacitant</kwd><kwd>liquid chromatographymass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>metabolites</kwd><kwd>rat</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «27 Научный центр имени академика Н.Д. Зелинского» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">27 Scientific Center Named after Academician N.D. Zelinsky of the Ministry of Defence of Russian Federation</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anczyk E, Maćkowiak AM. (eds.) Psychoactive substances, drugs and altered states of consciousness: cultural perspectives. Katowice: Sacrum Publishing House and Authors; 2016. 204 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anczyk E, Maćkowiak AM. (eds.) Psychoactive substances, drugs and altered states of consciousness: cultural perspectives. 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