nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2025-9-4-322-344nbsprot-430Research ArticleПРОБЛЕМЫ СОБЛЮДЕНИЯ КОНВЕНЦИЙ ПО ЗАПРЕЩЕНИЮ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОРУЖИЯISSUES OF COMPLIANCE WITH CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CONVENTIONSАлгоритм действий на месте химического инцидента для сохранения вещественных доказательствStandard procedure at chemical accident site to ensure protection of evidenceЗавьяловВ. В.ZavyalovV. V.

Завьялов Василий Владимирович. Старший научный сотрудник, канд. хим. наук.

111024, г. Москва, проезд Энтузиастов, д. 19

Vasily V. Zavyalov. Senior Researcher. Cand. Sci. (Chem.).

Entuziastov Proezd, 19, Moscow 111024

27nc_l@mil.ruЗавьяловаА. А.ZavyalovaA. A.

Завьялова Анна Александровна. Доцент, канд. хим.наук.

117997, г. Москва, ул. Академика Волгина, д. 12

Anna A. Zavyalova. Docent. Cand. Sci. (Chem.).

Akademika Volgina Str., 12, Moscow 117997

27nc_l@mil.ruЗавьяловаН. В.ZavyalovaN. V.

Завьялова Наталья Васильевна. Главный научный сотрудник, профессор, д-р биол. наук.

111024, г. Москва, проезд Энтузиастов, д. 19

Natalya V. Zavyalova. Leading Researcher. Dr Sci. (Biol.), Professor.

Entuziastov Proezd, 19, Moscow 111024

27nc_l@mil.ruКовтунВ. А.KovtunV. A.

Ковтун Виктор Александрович. Начальник Центра, доцент, канд. хим. наук.

111024, г. Москва, проезд Энтузиастов, д. 19

Victor A. Kovtun. Head of the Centre. Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor.

Entuziastov Proezd, 19, Moscow 111024

27nc_l@mil.ruШаройкоМ. П.SharoykoM. P.

Шаройко Максим Петрович. Заместитель начальника Центра, канд. техн. наук.

111024, г. Москва, проезд Энтузиастов, д. 19

Maxim P. Sharoyko. Deputy Head of the Centre. Cand. Sci. (Techn.).

Entuziastov Proezd, 19, Moscow 111024

27nc_l@mil.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «27 Научный центр имени академика Н.Д. Зелинского» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссия27 Scientific Centre Named after Academician N.D. Zelinsky of the Ministry of Defence of Russian FederationRussian FederationФедеральное государственное казенное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский университет Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации имени В.Я. Кикотя»РоссияMoscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation Named after V.Ya. KikotRussian Federation20251601202694322344Copyright © Завьялов В.В., Завьялова А.А., Завьялова Н.В., Ковтун В.А., Шаройко М.П., 20262026Завьялов В.В., Завьялова А.А., Завьялова Н.В., Ковтун В.А., Шаройко М.П.Zavyalov V.V., Zavyalova A.A., Zavyalova N.V., Kovtun V.A., Sharoyko M.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/430

Основные моменты- Установление вины в нарушении Конвенции о запрещении разработки, производства, накопления и применения химического оружия и его уничтожении (КЗХО) требует доказательства причастности конкретных лиц, чью ДНК необходимо идентифицировать по биологическим следам на месте инцидента.- Дегазирующие рецептуры, применяемые при обработке места инцидента, могут разрушать ДНК, что делает невозможным генотипирование.- Разработан алгоритм действий на месте химического инцидента, обеспечивающий сохранность биологических следов для последующего криминалистического анализа.Актуальность. Обусловлена необходимостью объективного доказывания причастности лиц к химическим инцидентам через анализ ДНК-содержащих следов, что требует их защиты от разрушения.Цель работы – научное обоснование алгоритма действий на месте химического инцидента для сохранения вещественных доказательств.Источниковая база исследования. Публикации в рецензируемых научных журналах, в том числе доступные через глобальную сеть Интернет.Метод исследования. Аналитический.Результаты исследования. Определена криминалистическая значимость биологических следов с ДНК на месте химического инцидента. Нами оценены риски утраты ДНК-информации под воздействием дегазирующих рецептур. Установлено, что хлорсодержащие реагенты разрушают ДНК, тогда как составы на основе оксидов магния, титана, 2-аминоэтанола и гипохлорита кальция – нет. Разработан алгоритм, предусматривающий приоритетный сбор биоматериала до дегазации или применение рецептур, не разрушающих ДНК.Заключение. Для сохранения доказательств до проведения криминалистического анализа необходимо исключить использование разрушающих ДНК дегазаторов или применять нейтральные составы.

Highlights- If we want to find someone guilty of violating the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention or CWC), we should prove the involvement of specific persons, whose DNA can be identified using biological traces left at the chemical accident site.- Decontaminant mixtures, used at the chemical accident site can destroy the DNA and that makes genotyping impossible.- The authors have elaborated special procedure that permits to preserve biological traces at the chemical accident site for further forensic analysis.Relevance. It is crucial to provide objective evidence against persons who are involved in chemical accidents. The only way is to make a DNA assay of biological traces left at chemical accident site. That is why we should keep these traces intact and preserve their integrity.Purpose of the study is to provide a scientific justification for the standard procedure that ensures protection of evidence at chemical accident site.Study base sources. The authors have studied scientific publications including those, available on the Internet.Method. Analytical method has been employed.Results. The authors of this paper have outlined the forensic significance of biological traces with DNA at the chemical accident site. They have evaluated the risks of the DNA data loss, when the site is exposed to decontaminant agents. It has been proved that chlorine containing reagents destroy the DNA, whereas mixtures that contain magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, 2-aminoethanol and calcium hypochlorite are safe for the DNA. The authors of this paper have developed a procedure that permits either to collect biomaterial before decontamination or to use mixtures that are harmless to the DNA.Conclusion. To preserve evidence for further forensic analysis it is vital to avoid using decontaminants that may destroy the DNA. In this case the neutral mixtures should be used.

биологические следыдегазирующие рецептурыдезинтаминантыиндекс деградацииКЗХОкриминалистические исследованияликвидация последствий химического инцидентарасследование химического инцидентасохранность доказательственной базыSTR профилированиетоксичные химикатыbiological traceschemical accident investigationchemical accident remediationChemical Weapons Conventiondecontaminantsdecontaminant mixturesdegradation rateevidence safety and integrityforensic processingSTR profilingtoxic chemicalsФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «27 Научный центр имени академика Н.Д. Зелинского» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное казенное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский университет Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации27 Scientific Centre Named after Academician N.D. Zelinsky of the Ministry of Defence of Russian Federation; Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation Named after V.Ya. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.