nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2025-9-4-305-321nbsprot-429Research ArticleПРОБЛЕМЫ СОБЛЮДЕНИЯ КОНВЕНЦИЙ ПО ЗАПРЕЩЕНИЮ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОРУЖИЯISSUES OF COMPLIANCE WITH CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CONVENTIONSЭпигенетика и новая эра биологического оружияEpigenetics and a new era of biological weaponshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-488XЛакотаЯнLakotaJán

Ян Лакота. MD, PhD.

Дубравская дорога, 9, 841 04 Братислава

Ján Lakota. MD, PhD.

Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava

jan.lakota@savba.skЦентр экспериментальной медицины, Словацкая Академия наукСловакияCentre of Experimental Medicine, SASSlovakia20251601202694305321Copyright © Лакота Я., 20262026Лакота Я.Lakota J.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/429

Основные моменты- изучение механизмов эпигенетического наследования открывает возможности создания биологических поражающих агентов нового типа и, соответственно, изменения целей и способов ведения биологической войны;- использование эпигенетических механизмов для манипуляции экспрессией генов in vivo требует разработки строгих международных протоколов регулирования, систем биобезопасности и широкой общественной дискуссии о этических границах научного вмешательства.Актуальность. Обусловлена взрывным интересом молекулярных биологов к изучению малых РНК и вызываемых ими эпигенетический изменений в наследовании фенотипических признаков. Цель исследования – выявить уровень и направления исследований малых РНК, способных вызывать патологические процессы.Источниковая база исследования. Статьи из научных журналов, доступные через поисковую систему PubMed.Метод исследования. Аналитический.Результаты. В настоящее время уровень изученности эпигенетических механизмов управления генами позволяет целенаправленное управление экспрессией генов in vivo и воздействие на будущие поколения через эпигенетические модификации. Установлены сотни патологических состояний, вызванные вмешательством в эпигенетическую регуляцию фенотипических признаков. Разработаны технологии искусственного введения в половые клетки определенных малых РНК (sRNA), не являющихся «продуктом» материнского/отцовского «генетического материала». Эти sRNA накапливаются в половых клетках (ооцитах, сперматозоидах) и после оплодотворения передаются потомству, т.е. следующему поколению (поколениям). sRNA известны своей долговременной стабильностью и устойчивостью к РНКазам. Они могут проникать в организм человека с пищей, аэрозольным путем, парентерально (вакцины, препараты ДНК и РНК) и передаваться в следующие поколения. Заключение. Развитие технологий эпигенетического управления генами несет в себе беспрецедентные риски. Неконтролируемое или злонамеренное применение этих инструментов способно привести к катастрофическим последствиям, включая резкий рост патологий у последующих поколений вследствие нецелевых эффектов, которые могут наследоваться; нарушения генетической стабильности человеческой популяции из-за непредсказуемых долгосрочных последствий вмешательства в эпигеном, а также целенаправленную депопуляции отдельных этнических групп или человечества в целом.

Highlights- The research of epigenetic inheritance mechanisms opens up possibilities for creating new types of biological damaging agents and changing the targets and methods of biological warfare.- The use of epigenetic mechanisms for in vivo gene expression manipulation requires the development of strict international regulatory protocols, biosecurity systems, and broad public discussion about the ethical boundaries of scientific intervention.Relevance. Driven by the explosive interest of molecular biologists in studying small RNAs and the epigenetic changes they cause in the inheritance of phenotypic traits.The purpose of the study is to identify the level and directions of research on small RNAs capable of inducing pathological processes.The source base of the study. Articles from scientific journals accessible through the PubMed search engine.Research method. Analytical.Results. The current level of understanding of epigenetic gene control mechanisms allows for targeted in vivo gene expression management and impact on future generations through epigenetic modifications. Hundreds of pathological conditions caused by interference with the epigenetic regulation of phenotypic traits have been identified. Technologies have been developed for the artificial introduction of specific small RNAs (sRNAs) into germ cells that are not “products” of maternal/paternal “genetic material.” These sRNAs accumulate in germ cells (oocytes, spermatozoa) and are transmitted to offspring after fertilization, i.e., to the next generation(s). sRNAs are known for their long-term stability and resistance to RNases. They can enter the human body through food, aerosol routes, parenterally (vaccines, DNA/RNA preparations) and be transmitted to subsequent generations.Conclusions. The development of epigenetic gene control technologies carries unprecedented risks. Uncontrolled or malicious application of these tools could lead to catastrophic consequences, including:- A sharp increase in pathologies in subsequent generations due to off-target effects that can be inherited;- Disruption of the genetic stability of the human population due to unpredictable long-term consequences of interference with the epigenome;- Targeted depopulation of specific ethnic groups or whole humankind.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.