Актуальность

nbsprot

Вестник войск РХБ защиты

Journal of NBC Protection Corps

2587-57283034-2791

27 Научный центр

10.35825/2587-5728-2025-9-1-19-43

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nbsprot-393

Research Article

ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОБЛЮДЕНИЯ КОНВЕНЦИЙ ПО ЗАПРЕЩЕНИЮ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОРУЖИЯ

ISSUES OF COMPLIANCE WITH CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CONVENTIONS

Редактирование генома и защита от его враждебного использования

Genome Editing and Defense against Its Misuse

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-488X

Лакота

Я.

Lakota

Лакота Ян, MD, PhD.

Дубравская дорога, 9, 841 04, Братислава

Ján Lakota, MD, PhD.

Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava

jan.lakota@savba.sk

Центр экспериментальной медицины, Словацкая Академия наукСловенияCentre of Experimental Medicine, SASSlovenia

2025

18052025

911943

2025

Лакота Я.

Lakota J.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/393

Технологии редактирования генома человека («генетические ножницы») могут и возможно уже используются для целей биологического поражения различных биологических объектов, включая людей. Необходимо разработать способы международного контроля за использованием данной технологии и для обнаружения скрытого применения поражающих агентов, созданных на ее основе.

Актуальность

Актуальность. Технология редактирования генома активно внедряется в клиническую практику с 2021 г. для лечения наследственных болезней, в перспективе ее применение будет расширено для лечения инфекционных и соматических болезней.

Цель работы – оценить возможность ее враждебного использования.

Источниковая база исследования. Научные работы, представленные в базе данных медицинских и биологических публикаций PubMed.

Метод исследования

Метод исследования. Аналитический.

Результаты

Результаты. Системы редактирования генома позволяют осуществлять блокирование, удаление или восстановление собственных генов и фрагментов генома человека. Они могут использоваться для уничтожения экосистем, используемых человеком; разработки принципиально новых средств массового биологического поражения населения выбранных для уничтожения стран; и, даже, изменение эволюционной траектории нашего вида вплоть до его полного вымирания в течение нескольких поколений. Обращено внимание на повышенный интерес Агентства перспективных исследовательских проектов министерства обороны США (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA) на разработку технологий выявления и блокирования последствий редактирования генома.

Заключение

Заключение. Интерес DARPA к технологиям выявления и блокирования последствий редактирования генома человека свидетельствует, что ее освоение уже перешло экспериментальный рубеж, и ее бесконтрольное использование вызывает серьезные опасения со стороны тех, кто понимает реалии современной биологической войны. Использование технологии редактирования генома должно быть урегулировано в рамках особого Протокола к Конвенции о запрещении разработки, производства и накопления запасов бактериологического (биологического) и токсинного оружия и об их уничтожении. Пока его нет, то на уровне национальных регуляторов необходимо определить границы применения продуктов, созданных на основе такой технологии, и быть готовым к их враждебному использованию.

Human genome editing methods (“genetic scissors“) may be possibly used for biological attacks of various biological targets, including humans.

We should set up an international surveillance scheme to control the use of this method and to detect cases of hidden use of these destructive agents created on its basis.

Relevance

Relevance. Human genome editing has been implemented into clinical practice since 2021 to cure different, mainly hereditary diseases. This method is quite promising and in the long run it can be used to cure contagious and somatic diseases as well.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate possible risks of misuse for this method.

The source base of the study. Scientific publications and research papers, available in PubMed.

Research method

Research method. Analytical.

Results

Results. It has been shown that genome editing systems can block, remove or restore its own genes or human genome fragments. They can be employed to destroy whole ecosystems, to develop brand-new massive biological weapons to kill the population of certain countries. They are even able to change an evolutionary path of our species, and this may lead to its total extinction within several generations. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA has a particular focus on the development of tools that can identify the human genome editing, block possible changes and eliminate the consequences.

Conclusions

Conclusions. The fact that DARPA is so interested in tools mentioned above proves that genome editing is anymore not an experimental tool. Experts who realize the state of things in terms of biological warfare nowadays are concerned with the possible misuse of this tool. The use of genome editing should be regulated by a special Protocol to Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction. Because this protocol doesn’t exist yet, the national regulatory authorities are obliged to establish limits for use of products that are based on these methods. They also should be able to prevent its misuse.

биологическая войнабиологическое поражениегенетические ножницыпалиндромные повторыпротоспейсерредактирование геномаспейсерэндонуклеаза CasCRISPR

biological destructionbiological warfareCas endonucleaseCRISPRCRISPR-Casgenetic scissorsgenome editingpalindromic repeatsprotospacerspacer

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.