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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nbsprot</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник войск РХБ защиты</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of NBC Protection Corps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2791</issn><publisher><publisher-name>27 Научный центр</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35825/2587-5728-2025-9-1-5-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">atmwdk</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nbsprot-392</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОБЛЮДЕНИЯ КОНВЕНЦИЙ ПО ЗАПРЕЩЕНИЮ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОРУЖИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF COMPLIANCE WITH CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CONVENTIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Актуальность верификации КБТО на современном этапе. Исторический опыт работы VEREX и Специальной группы экспертов AHG</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Efficiency and Relevance of Verificatory Events Conducted by Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (Modern Period). Insights in History of VEREX and AHG</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Холстов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kholstov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Холстов Виктор Иванович, руководитель Центра, доктор химических наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки Российской Федерации</p><p>111024, г. Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, д. 23 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor I. Kholstov, Head of the Center. Dr Sci. (Chem.), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation </p><p>Entuziastov Highway, 23, Moscow 111024 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поклонский</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poklonskii</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поклонский Дмитрий Леонидович, начальник Центра, д-р техн. наук, профессор </p><p>111024, Российская Федерация, г. Москва, проезд Энтузиастов, д. 19 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii L. Poklonskii, Head of the Center. Dr Sci. (Techn.), Professor </p><p>Entuziastov Passage, 19, Moscow 111024 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii_expert-1@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр аналитических исследований Российской Федерации по конвенциям о запрещении химического и биологического оружия при Минпромторге России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Analytical Studies of the Russian Federation on Conventions on the Prohibition of Chemical and Biological Weapons under the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский центр (экспертный, химических и биологических угроз) федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Center (expert, chemical and biological threats) of 48 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Холстов В.И., Поклонский Д.Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Холстов В.И., Поклонский Д.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kholstov V.I., Poklonskii D.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/392">https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/392</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные моменты</title><p>Основные моменты</p><p>- деятельность экспертных групп VEREX (1991–1993 гг.) и Специальной группы правительственных экспертов AHG (1994–2001), созданных для работы над проектом юридически обязательного документа (так называемого Протокола) к Конвенции о запрещении разработки, производства и накопления бактериологического (биологического) и токсинного оружия и об их уничтожении (КБТО), была вызвана необходимостью принятия мер по укреплению режима нераспространения биологического оружия (БО);</p><p>- Протокол заблокирован США в 2001 г., однако в настоящее время существует необходимость в использовании ряда его положений и практических рекомендаций для верификации КБТО. Актуальность. Обусловлена ненадежностью международного контроля за распространением БО, появлением новых биологических средств поражения людей и видов БО.</p><p>Цель работы – с позиций современного состояния дел на площадке КБТО рассмотреть перспективы актуализации разработанного в 1990-е гг. научно-методического инструментария по верификации КБТО.</p><p>Источниковая база исследования. В работе были использованы источники, доступные через базы данных PubMed, Google Scholar, ООН и Российской электронной библиотеки.</p></sec><sec><title>Метод исследования</title><p>Метод исследования. Аналитический.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. В ходе исследования показано, что сводный текст Протокола проверки КБТО, подготовленный специальной группой правительственных экспертов, содержит ряд положений и практических рекомендаций, которые могли бы быть реализованы государствами-участниками с учетом политических и научно-технических реалий сегодняшнего дня. При этом возврат к мандату 1994 г. с последующим обсуждением создания верификационного механизма способствовал бы укреплению КБТО и наращиванию ее институционального потенциала.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Практическая эффективность мер, предложенных экспертами VEREX и AHG, дает основание государствам-участникам рассмотреть более подробно возможные аспекты их реализации в современных условиях и обсудить перспективы актуализации разработанного инструментария в ходе заседаний Рабочей группы по укреплению КБТО и на предстоящей Десятой обзорной конференции государств-участников.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights</p><p>- VEREX experts’ panels (1991–1993) and Ad Hoc group (AHG) (1994–2001) were created to work out a legally binding document (the so-called Protocol) to Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction. Their activity was stipulated by the necessity to take some steps to strengthen biological weapons non-proliferation regime;</p><p>- The Protocol was blocked by the USA in 2001, however, nowadays there is a necessity to use some of its articles and guidelines to verify Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention.</p></sec><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Caused by the unreliability of international control over the spread of biological weapons, the emergence of new biological weapons of destruction of people and types of biological weapons.</p><p>Purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of things in terms of BTWC, and to find ways to update and improve previous research methodological tools for BTWC verification.</p></sec><sec><title>Study base sources</title><p>Study base sources. The authors have analyzed the sources, available in PubMed, Google Scholar, UN, National Electronic Library (Russia) databases.</p></sec><sec><title>Method</title><p>Method. Analytical method has been employed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The studies have proved that the unified text of BTWC check protocol, prepared by Ad Hoc group contains a number of statements and practical guidelines that could be implemented by state-parties taking into account modern political, scientific, and technological circumstances. Moreover, if we return to the Act of the year 1994 with further discussion of the possibility to create a verification procedure, this will strengthen BTWC and boost its institutional capacity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Practical efficiency of measures proposed by VEREX and AHG experts give state parties some reasons for conducting a detailed analysis of possible consequences of implementation of these measures in modern circumstances and for discussion of possible update of existing tools during the meeting of working group on BTWC strengthening during upcoming 10th review conference for state parties.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Ad Hoc Group</kwd><kwd>VEREX</kwd><kwd>биологическое оружие</kwd><kwd>верификация</kwd><kwd>КБТО</kwd><kwd>нераспространение</kwd><kwd>юридически обязательный протокол проверки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ad Hoc Group</kwd><kwd>biological weapons</kwd><kwd>BWC</kwd><kwd>legally binding verification protocol</kwd><kwd>nonproliferation</kwd><kwd>VEREX</kwd><kwd>verification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamele С, Pritchard S, Rose S. 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