nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2023-8-3-256-269jokpytnbsprot-369Research ArticleБиологическая безопасность и защита от биологических угрозBiological Security and Protection against Biological ThreatsДетоксификация пептид-содержащих биотоксиновDetoxification of Peptide-Containing Biotoxinshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3970-4334ЛягинИ. В.LyaginIlya V.

Лягин Илья Владимирович. Старший научный сотрудник, канд. хим. наук, член коллектива, выполняющего исследование.

119991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3;

119334, г.Москва, ул. Косыгина, д. 4. 

Ilya V. Lyagin. Senior Researcher, Cand Sci (Chem). Grant team member.

Lenin Hills, 1/3, Moscow 119991;

Kosygin Str., 4, Moscow 119334.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6358-1231МасловаО. В.MaslovaOlga V.

Маслова Ольга Васильевна. Старший научный сотрудник, канд. хим. наук, член коллектива, выполняющего исследование. 

119991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3.

Olga V. Maslova. Senior Researcher, Cand Sci (Chem). Grant team member.

Lenin Hills, 1/3, Moscow 119991.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7831-6222СенькоО. В.SenkoOlga V.

Сенько Ольга Витальевна. Научный сотрудник, канд. хим. наук, член коллектива, выполняющего исследование. 

119991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3;

119334, г.Москва, ул. Косыгина, д. 4.

Olga V. Senko. Researcher, Cand Sci (Chem). Grant team member.

Lenin Hills, 1/3, Moscow 119991;

Kosygin Str., 4, Moscow 119334.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0821-8226СтепановН. А.StepanovNikolay A.

Степанов Николай Алексеевич. Научный сотрудник, канд. тех. наук, член коллектива, выполняющего исследование. 

119991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3;

119334, г.Москва, ул. Косыгина, д. 4.

Nikolay A. Stepanov. Researcher, Cand. Sci. (Techn.). Grant team member.

Lenin Hills, 1/3, Moscow 119991;

Kosygin Str., 4, Moscow 119334.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6992-854XЕфременкоЕ. Н.EfremenkoElena N.

Ефременко Елена Николаевна. Зав. лабораторией, докт. биол. наук, профессор, руководитель коллектива, выполняющего исследование.

119991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3;

119334, г.Москва, ул. Косыгина, д. 4

Elena N. Efremenko. Laboratory Chief. Dr Sci. (Biol.). Professor. Grant team member.

Lenin Hills, 1/3, Moscow 119991;

Kosygin Str., 4, Moscow 119334.

elena_efremenko@list.ruМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, химический факультет; Институт биохимической физики им. Н.М. Эмануэля РАНРоссияFaculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University; N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of RASRussian FederationМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, химический факультетРоссияFaculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation20242011202483256269Copyright © Лягин И.В., Маслова О.В., Сенько О.В., Степанов Н.А., Ефременко Е.Н., 20242024Лягин И.В., Маслова О.В., Сенько О.В., Степанов Н.А., Ефременко Е.Н.Lyagin I.V., Maslova O.V., Senko O.V., Stepanov N.A., Efremenko E.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/369Основные моменты

Основные моменты. Пептидные биотоксины представляют собой серьезную проблему для здоровья людей и как поражающие агенты из-за широкого разнообразия их структур и источников.

Пептидные биотоксины и прионные белки могут быть эффективно нейтрализованы различными методами, включая обработку  протеазами.

Актуальность – биотоксины пептидной природы представляют серьезную угрозу для здоровья людей и как поражающие агенты. Если направлениям, касающимся иммунологических систем защиты от таких токсинов, посвящено большое количество аналитических обзоров, то вопросы ферментативной детоксификации биотоксинов в лучшем случае рассматриваются поверхностно.

Цель работы – провести анализ основных современных направлений разработки средств ферментативной детоксификации биотоксинов пептидной природы.

Источниковая база исследования – преимущественно англоязычная научная литература, доступная через глобальную сеть Интернет, а также собственные опубликованные экспериментальные исследования авторов.

Метод исследования – аналитический.

Результаты

Результаты. В настоящее время эффективность детоксифицирующих иммунологических препаратов возросла благодаря высокопроизводительным методам скрининга и отбору эффективных клонов – продуцентов моноклональных антител. В статье особое внимание уделено применению для детоксификации пептидных биотоксинов гидролитических ферментов, рассматриваемых в данной работе как альтернатива иммунобиологическим препаратам. Природный аналог детоксифицирующих ферментов – система «токсин–антитоксин» прокариот. Известно не менее четырех типов ингибиторов биотоксинов: блокирующие их каталитическую активность; экранирующие их рецепторы-мишени; ингибирующие токсин путем воздействия на его структуру; аллостерически модулирующие активность биотоксина. Имеются обнадеживающие данные по использованию детоксифицирующих ферментов для нейтрализации прионов в почве и лечения прионных осложнений, вызванных «вакцинацией» нуклеиновыми кислотами.

Вывод

Вывод. Использование ферментов-протеаз для детоксикации пептидных биотоксинов и прионных белков можно рассматривать как перспективную альтернативу детоксифицирующим иммунобиологическим препаратам.

Highlights

Highlights. Peptide biotoxins are important problem for human health and as lethal agents due to their wild diversity of chemical structures and biological sources.

Such peptide biotoxins and prion proteins can be effectively neutralized by different methods, including by protease treatment.

Relevance – biological toxins containing peptides possess serious danger for life and well being of humans. There are a lot of reviews summarizing immunologic protective measures against these toxins. As opposed to that an enzymatic detoxification of biotoxins is, at best, considered superficially.

The purpose of the work is analysis of the main up-to-date trends of development of protective remedies against biotoxins of peptide nature.

The source base of the research is mainly English–language scientific literature available via the global Internet network, as well as the authors' own published experimental studies.

The research method is analytical.

Results

Results. Currently the efficiency of detoxifying immunological drugs is surging due to highly productive methods of screening and selection of effective clones producing monoclonal antibodies. Special attention in the review is paid to application of hydrolytic enzymes which are considered in the work as alternative for immunobiological agents during detoxication of peptide biotoxins. The natural analogue of detoxifying enzymes is a system “toxin–antitoxin” of procaryotes. More than four types of inhibitors of biotoxins are know: blocking of their catalytic activity; hindering of their target receptors; inhibiting of toxin by acting on its structure; and allosterically modulating of biotoxin activity. There are encouraging data on application of detoxifying enzymes for neutralization of prions in soils and for treatment of prion complication.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Application of proteases for detoxification of peptide biotoxins and prion peptides could be considered as viable alternative to detoxifying immunobiological agents.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.