nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2023-8-3-232-242toebmpnbsprot-367Research ArticleБиологическая безопасность и защита от биологических угрозBiological Security and Protection against Biological ThreatsОспа кроликовRabbitpoxhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-5516СтовбаЛ. Ф.StovbaLyudmila F.

Стовба Людмила Федоровна. Старший научный сотрудник, канд. биол. наук.

141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.

Lyudmila F. Stovba. Senior Researcher of the Department. Cand. Sci. (Biol.).

11, Octyabrskaya St., Moscow region, Sergiev Posad-6, 141306.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-2085ПетровА. А.PetrovAleksandr A.

Петров Александр Анатольевич. Начальник управления, д-р мед. наук. 

141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.

Aleksandr A. Petrov. Chief of the Directorate. Dr. Sci. (Med.).

11, Octyabrskaya St., Moscow region, Sergiev Posad-6, 141306.

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1858-8689БелозeровД. П.BelozerovDеnis P.

Белозeров Денис Петрович. Научный сотрудник. 

141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.

Dеnis P. Belozerov. Senior Researcher.

11, Octyabrskaya St., Moscow region, Sergiev Posad-6, 141306.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2603-0860ЧухраляО. В.ChukhraliaOleg V.

Чухраля Олег Васильевич. Заместитель начальника научно-исследовательского отдела. 

141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.

Oleg V. Chukhralia. Chief of the Department.

11, Octyabrskaya St., Moscow region, Sergiev Posad-6, 141306.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3497-5829МельниковС. А.MelnikovSergey A.

Мельников Сергей Алексеевич. Старший научный сотрудник, канд. биол. наук. 

141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.

Sergey A. Melnikov. Senior Researcher of the Department. Cand. Sci. (Biol.).

11, Octyabrskaya St., Moscow region, Sergiev Posad-6, 141306.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-3919БорисевичС. В.BorisevichSergey V.

Борисевич Сергей Владимирович. Начальник ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России, д-р биол. наук, профессор, академик РАН. 

141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.

Sergey V. Borisevich. Chief of the Institute. Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Academician of RAS.

11, Octyabrskaya St., Moscow region, Sergiev Posad-6, 141306.

48cnii@mil.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссия48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian FederationRussian Federation20242011202483232242Copyright © Стовба Л.Ф., Петров А.А., Белозeров Д.П., Чухраля О.В., Мельников С.А., Борисевич С.В., 20242024Стовба Л.Ф., Петров А.А., Белозeров Д.П., Чухраля О.В., Мельников С.А., Борисевич С.В.Stovba L.F., Petrov A.A., Belozerov D.P., Chukhralia O.V., Melnikov S.A., Borisevich S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/367

Поскольку существует опасность реинтродукции вируса натуральной оспы (ВНО) из неизвестного резервуара или появления генетически подобного вируса с такими же патогенными свойствами, либо его синтетической копии, необходима адекватная лабораторная модель, наиболее полно имитирующая заболевание натуральной оспой и другими ортопоксвирусами человека. Вирус оспы кроликов способен вызывать у кроликов чрезвычайно тяжелое контагиозное заболевание с высокой летальностью, которое имитирует заболевание у человека натуральной оспой. За все время наблюдения не зафиксировано ни одного случая заболевания человека оспой кроликов.

Цель работы – обобщение материалов по исследованию вируса оспы кроликов и анализ симптомов данного заболевания у кроликов, имитирующих заболевание натуральной оспой у человека, применительно к разработке новых противооспенных препаратов.

Источниковая база исследования – англоязычная научная литература, доступная через сеть Интернет.

Метод исследования – аналитический.

Результаты и обсуждение

Результаты и обсуждение. Оспа кроликов впервые зафиксирована в начале 1930-х гг. у лабораторных кроликов в г. Утрехте, Нидерланды, затем в США в Рокфеллеровском Институте в г. Нью-Йорке. Начиная с 1941 г. вспышки оспы кроликов периодически отмечались в исследовательских институтах США и Европы. Однако эпизоотий такой болезни среди зайцев в дикой природе в мире не зарегистрировано. Анализ литературы позволил выявить удачные примеры использования модели «кролик–вирус оспы кроликов» для доклинических исследований защитной эффективности противоортопоксвирусных вакцин, моноклональных антител, препаратов на основе мРНК и химиопрепаратов (тиосемикарбазон, цидофовир, тековиримат, бринцидофовир и др.) при различных способах инфицирования, включая ингаляционный. Также эта модель удобна для оценки диагностических наборов для обнаружения ортопоксвирусов.

Заключение

Заключение. Модель «кролик-вирус оспы кроликов» является безопасной для человека и перспективной для моделирования различных патологических состояний при проведении различных медико-биологических исследований ортпоксвирусных инфекций, оценки эффективности противооспенных иммунобиологических препаратов, химиопрепаратов и диагностических наборов.

There is a danger that a natural smallpox virus may be reintroduced from the unknown spring or that a similar virus with the same pathogenic properties may appear or that somebody may create a synthetic copy of such a virus. That is why it is crucial to have a proper laboratory pattern that may imitate a natural smallpox disease and other human orthopoxviruses. A rabbitpox virus may provoke a grave and highly contagious disease in rabbits with a high death rate. The symptoms of this disease in rabbits is similar to symptoms of natural smallpox in humans. There have been no cases of rabbitpox in humans.

Purpose of the study – To summarize data on research of a rabbitpox virus and to analyze the symptoms of this disease in rabbits that is similar to a natural pox virus in humans. This analysis may contribute to the development of new drugs against smallpox.

Study base sources – English scientific papers available on the Internet.

Method of the study – Analytical.

Results and discussion

Results and discussion. Rabbitpox was first detected in 1930 in lab. rabbits in Utrecht, the Netherlands, then in the USA, at Rockfeller University in New York. From 1941 the outbreaks of rabbitpox were registered in research institutes in Europe and in the USA. However, there were no cases of this disease in rabbits in the wildlife.  The analysis has demonstrated that  the pattern “a rabbit–a rabbitpox virus” has been quite successful in pre-clinical studies of protective efficiency of orthopoxvirus vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, mRNA-based drugs and chemotherapeutic agents (thiosemicarbazone, Cidofovir, tecovirimat, Brincidofovir, etc.) for different transmission modes including inhalative one. This pattern is also useful for evaluation of diagnostic sets, employed for orthopoxviruses detection.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Pattern “a rabbit–a rabbitpox virus” is safe for humans and is promising for simulation of different pathological states when we conduct various medical and biological studies of orthopoxvirus infections. It also may be used to evaluate the efficiency of immunobiological drugs against smallpox, chemotherapeutic agents and diagnostic sets.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.