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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nbsprot</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник войск РХБ защиты</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of NBC Protection Corps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2791</issn><publisher><publisher-name>27 Научный центр</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35825/2587-5728-2024-8-2-122-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nbsprot-355</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Биологическая безопасность и защита от биологических угроз</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Biological Security and Protection against Biological Threats</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оспа Аляски на фоне новых ортопоксвирусных инфекций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alaskapox amid New Orthopox Viral Infections Mikhail V. Supotnitskiy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3193-1032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супотницкий</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Supotnitskiy</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Супотницкий Михаил Васильевич. Главный специалист, канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр.</p><p>111024, г. Москва, проезд Энтузиастов, д. 19 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Supotnitskiy. Senior Researcher. Chief Specialist. Cand. Sci. (Biol.).</p><p>Entuziastov Passage, 19, Moscow 111024</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">27nc_1@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «27 Научный центр имени академика Н.Д. Зелинского» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>27 Scientific Centre Named after Academician N.D. Zelinsky of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Супотницкий М.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Супотницкий М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Supotnitskiy M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/355">https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/355</self-uri><abstract><p>Ранее неизвестный вирус из семейства ортопоксвирусов (Orthopoxvirus, OPXV) вызвал серию оспопоподобных заболеваний среди жителей Аляски. Пациент с иммунодефицитом умер на фоне генерализованной инфекции, по клинике сходной с натуральной оспой. Вирус получил название – вирус оспы Аляски (Alaskapox virus, AKPV).</p><p>Цель исследования – обобщить имеющуюся информацию о природе и опасности для людей AKPV и его эпидемическом значении в контексте других активизировавшихся ортопоксвирусов.</p><p>Материалы и методы исследования. Использовались англоязычные источники, доступные через базы данных PubMed и Google Scholar. Анализ информации проводился от частного к общему. Рассматривались биологические и другие свойства AKPV в сопоставлении с аналогичными у известных OPXV.</p><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. AKPV относится к OPXV Нового Света, но имеет тесные филогенетические связи с OPXV Старого света. Клиника болезни, вызванной AKPV и другими OPXV, имеет ряд общих симптомов, обобщенно называемых ортопоксвирусным синдромом. Он характеризуется начальным продромальным периодом в виде лихорадки, недомогания, головной болью, миалгией и, реже, тошнотой и рвотой. После инкубационного периода продолжительностью от 10 до 14 сут, в течение недель на фоне лимфоаденопатии происходит последовательное образование пятен, папул, везикул, пустул, язв, сухих корок и депигментированных рубцов. У иммунодефицитных больных OPXV могут вызывать смертельную инфекцию, напоминающую натуральную оспу. При обнаружении у пациента данного синдрома, необходимо предполагать OPXV-инфекцию и дальше вести пациента в соответствии с методическими рекомендациями МР 3.1.0291-22. Также существует риск использования любого обнаруженного OPXV в качестве источника генов для модификации в направлении «усиления функций» других патогенов или для имитации эпидемий и пандемий.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проникновение AKPV в популяции людей является частью процесса активизации природных очагов OPXV. Филогенетическое положение AKPV говорит о том, что он может иметь природные резервуары не только на Аляске, но и в зоне бореальных лесов России от Камчатки до Карелии. Искусственное глобальное распространение оспы обезьян малоконтагиозной клады WA, показывает, что технологии социальной инженерии в сочетании с глобальной пропагандой позволяют имитировать пандемии OPXV даже с помощью тех их видов, которые считались неспособными к такому распространению.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A previously unknown virus from the orthopoxvirus family (OPXV) caused a series of smallpox-like diseases among the inhabitants of Alaska. A patient with immunodeficiency died from a generalized infection similar to smallpox. The virus was named Alaska smallpox virus (AKPV).</p><p>The aim of the study was to summarize the available information on the nature and danger to humans of AKPV and its epidemic significance in the context of other activated orthopoxviruses.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. English-language sources available through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used. The information was analyzed from the specific to the general. The biological and other properties of AKPV were compared with those of known OPXV.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. AAKPV is related to New World OPXV, but is closely related to Old World OPXV. The clinical picture of the disease caused by AKPV and other OPXVs has a number of common symptoms, collectively called orthopoxvirus syndrome. It is characterized by an initial prodromal period in the form of fever, malaise, headache, myalgia and, less commonly, nausea and vomiting. After an incubation period of 10 to 14 days, macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, ulcers, dry crusts and depigmented scars develop over the course of weeks against the background of lymphadenopathy. In immunocompromised patients, OPXVs can cause a fatal infection resembling smallpox. If this syndrome is detected in a patient, OPXV infection should be assumed and the patient should be managed according to the guidelines of MP 3.1.0291-22. There is also a risk of using any detected OPXV as a source of genes for gain-of-function modification of other pathogens or for simulating.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The penetration of AKPV into human populations is part of the process of activation of natural foci of OPXV. The phylogenetic position of AKPV suggests that it may have natural reservoirs not only in Alaska, but also in the boreal forest zone of Russia from Kamchatka to Karelia. Artificial global spread of monkeypox of the lowinfectivity WA clade shows that social engineering techniques combined with global propaganda can simulate OPXV pandemics even with species thought incapable of such spread.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Аляска</kwd><kwd>бореальная оспа</kwd><kwd>зооноз</kwd><kwd>вирус оспы Аляски</kwd><kwd>ортопоксвирус</kwd><kwd>полуостров Кенай</kwd><kwd>оспа обезьян</kwd><kwd>филогенетика</kwd><kwd>Фэрнбекс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alaska</kwd><kwd>Alaskapox virus</kwd><kwd>Borealpox virus</kwd><kwd>Orthopoxvirus</kwd><kwd>monkeypox</kwd><kwd>Fairbanks</kwd><kwd>zoonoses</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «27 Научный центр имени академика Н.Д. Зелинского» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации (27 НЦ МО РФ)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">27 Scientific Centre Named after Academician N.D. 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