nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2023-7-4-366-383nbsprot-335Research ArticleБиологическая безопасность и защита от биологических угрозBiological Security and Protection against Biological ThreatsСовременные биоинформационные решения, используемые для анализа генетических данныхModern Bioinformatics Solutions Used for Genetic Data AnalysisКибиревЯ. А.KibirevYa. A.

Кибирев Ярослав Александрович - Начальник отдела, канд. биол. наук

610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119

Yaroslav A. Kibirev - Chief of the Department. Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000

23527@mil.ruКузнецовскийА. В.KuznetsovskiyA. V.

Кузнецовский Андрей Владимирович - Начальник отдела планирования НИР – заместитель начальника филиала по НИР, канд. биол. наук

610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119

Andrey V. Kuznetsovskiy - Deputy Chief of the Branch Office. Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000

23527@mil.ruИсуповС. Г.IsupovS. G.

Исупов Сергей Геннадьевич - Заместитель начальника отдела, канд. мед. наук

610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119

Sergey G. Isupov - Deputy Chief of the Department, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000

23527@mil.ruДармовИ. В.DarmovI. V.

Дармов Илья Владимирович - Главный научный сотрудник управления, доктор мед. наук, профессор

610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119

Ilya V. Darmov -  Leading Researcher. Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000

23527@mil.ruФилиал федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороныРоссияBranch Office of the Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of DefenceRussian Federation20230304202474366383Copyright © Кибирев Я.А., Кузнецовский А.В., Исупов С.Г., Дармов И.В., 20242024Кибирев Я.А., Кузнецовский А.В., Исупов С.Г., Дармов И.В.Kibirev Y.A., Kuznetsovskiy A.V., Isupov S.G., Darmov I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/335

Эффективное противодействие биологическим угрозам как природного, так и техногенного характера требует наличия средств и методов быстрой и достоверной идентификации микроорганизмов и всестороннего изучения их основных биологических свойств. За последнее десятилетие арсенал отечественных микробиологов пополнили многочисленные методы анализа геномов патогенов, в первую очередь, основанные на секвенировании нуклеиновых кислот. Цель работы – выявить возможности современного технического и методического арсенала, применяемого для углубленного молекулярно-генетического изучения микроорганизмов, в том числе биоинформационных решений, используемых для анализа генетических данных. Источниковая база исследования – англоязычная научная литература, доступная через сеть «Интернет», документация биоинформационного программного обеспечения. Метод исследования – анализ научных источников от общего к частному. Рассматривали особенности платформ для секвенирования, основные этапы анализа генетической информации, актуальные биоинформационные утилиты, их взаимодействие и организацию в единый рабочий процесс. Результаты и обсуждение. Производительность современных генетических анализаторов позволяет проводить полную расшифровку бактериального генома в течение одних суток, включая время, требуемое для подготовки пробы к исследованию. Ключевым фактором, во многом определяющим эффективность применяемых молекулярно-генетических средств, является знание и грамотное применение соответствующего программного обеспечения. К основным этапам стандартного биоинформационного анализа первичных генетических данных относятся оценка качества секвенирования, предварительная обработка данных, их картирование на референсный геном или сборка генома de novo, аннотирование генома, типирование и выявление значимых генетических детерминант (устойчивости к антибактериальным препаратам, факторов патогенности и т.д.), филогенетический анализ. Для каждого из этапов разработаны биоинформационные утилиты, отличающиеся реализованными в них алгоритмами анализа. Заключение. С учетом специфики деятельности подразделений войск РХБ защиты ВС РФ, из числа известных программных продуктов наибольший интерес представляют утилиты с открытым исходным кодом, не требующие для своей работы доступа к удаленным ресурсам.

Effective counteraction to biological threats, both natural and man-made, requires the availability of means and methods  for rapid and reliable microorganism identification and a comprehensive study of their basic biological properties.  Over the past decade, the arsenal of domestic microbiologists has been supplemented by numerous methods for  analyzing the genomes of pathogens, primarily based on nucleic acid sequencing. The purpose of this work is to provide  the reader with information about capabilities of modern technical and methodological arsenal used for in-depth  molecular genetic study of microorganisms, including bioinformatics solutions used for the genetic data analysis. The  source base for this research is English-language scientific literature available via the Internet, bioinformation software  documentation. The research method is an analysis of scientific sources from the general to the specific. We considered  the features of sequencing platforms, the main stages of genetic information analysis, current bioinformation utilities,  their interaction and organization into a single workflow. Results and discussion. The performance of modern genetic  analyzers allows for complete decoding of the bacterial genome within one day, including the time required to prepare  the sample for research. The key factor that largely determines the effectiveness of the genetic analysis methods used is  the competent use of the necessary bioinformatics software utilities. Standard stages of primary genetic data analysis  are assessment of the quality control, data preprocessing, mapping to a reference genome or de novo genome assembly,  genome annotation, typing and identification of significant genetic determinants (resistance to antibacterial drugs,  pathogenicity factors, etc.), phylogenetic analysis. For each stage bioinformation utilities have been developed, differing  in implemented analysis algorithms. Conclusion. Open source utilities that do not require access to remote resources  for their operation are of greatest interest due to activities specifics of NBC protection corps units.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.