nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2023-7-4-350-365nbsprot-334Research ArticleБиологическая безопасность и защита от биологических угрозBiological Security and Protection against Biological ThreatsОценка опасности возбудителей зоонозных вирусных инфекций как потенциальных агентов пандемийThe Assessment of the Danger of Pathogens of Zoonotic Viral Infections as Potential Agents of Pandemicshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1817-0126СизиковаТ. Е.SizikovaT. E.

Сизикова Татьяна Евгеньевна - Старший научный сотрудник, канд. биол. наук

141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11

Tatiana E. Sizikova - Senior Researcher. Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

141306, Moscow region, Sergiev Posad-6, Oktyabrskaya St., 11

48cnii@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7674-2321ЛебедевВ. Н.LebedevV. N.

Лебедев Виталий Николаевич - Ведущий научный сотрудник, д-р биол. наук, профессор

141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11

Vitaliy N. Lebedev - Head of Research. Dr Sci. (Biol), Professor

141306, Moscow region, Sergiev Posad-6, Oktyabrskaya St., 11

48cnii@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-3919БорисевичС. В.BorisevichS. V.

Борисевич Сергей Владимирович - Начальник ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России, д-р биол. наук, профессор, академик РАН 

141306, Московская область, г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11

Sergey V. Borisevich - Head of Institute. Dr Sci. (Biol.). Professor. Academician RAS

141306, Moscow region, Sergiev Posad-6, Oktyabrskaya St., 11

48cnii@mil.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороныРоссияFederal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of DefenceRussian Federation20230204202474350365Copyright © Сизикова Т.Е., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В., 20242024Сизикова Т.Е., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В.Sizikova T.E., Lebedev V.N., Borisevich S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/334

Причиной возникновения большинства вновь возникающих заболеваний является передача патогенов от животных к человеку. Целью настоящего обзора является оценка опасности возбудителей зоонозных опасных и особо опасных вирусных инфекционных заболеваний как потенциальных агентов пандемий. Материалы и методы. В работе представлен анализ данных, опубликованных в отечественных и англоязычных научных изданиях, а также размещенных в сети Интернет. Метод исследования – аналитический. Обсуждение результатов. По меньшей мере, 70 % всех возникающих заболеваний имеют зоонозный резервуар. Возрастающее влияние зоонозных патогенов определяется экспоненциальным ростом деятельности человека на ранее неосвоенных территориях. Заражение людей зоонозными патогенами происходит при прямом или косвенном контакте с инфицированными животными и поверхностями, контаминированными их выделениями, через укусы членистоногих и потребление загрязненных пищевых продуктов и питьевой воды. Среди зоонозов установлены две различные модели передачи патогенов от диких животных человеку. Одна из этих моделей предполагает, что инфицирование человека является случайным событием с низкой долей вероятности, в дальнейшем происходит передача патогена от человека к человеку. Во второй модели, прямой или векторно-опосредованный, перенос патогена от животного человеку является звеном естественного цикла возбудителя. Риск передачи вируса из зоонозного резервуара человеку является самым высоким у таких видов животных, которые адаптированы к ареалам проживания человека. Выводы. Наибольший уровень опасности, как источник зоонозных заболеваний, представляют приматы, копытные, плотоядные и особенно рукокрылые, которые являются естественными резервуарами ряда опасных и особо опасных вирусных заболеваний. Представители семейств Poxviridae, Ortomyxoviridae и Coronaviridae уже вызывали пандемии, которые наносили колоссальный ущерб всем сферам деятельности человечества. Эти возбудители могут рассматриваться как наиболее вероятные инфекционные агенты будущих пандемий.

The transmission of pathogens from animals to humans is the cause of the appearance of the majority of newly  emerging diseases. The purpose of this review is to assess the danger of zoonotic pathogens of dangerous and especially  dangerous viral infectious diseases as potential agents of pandemics. Materials and methods. The paper presents an  analysis of data published in domestic and English-language scientific publications, as well as posted on the Internet.  The research method is analytical. The discussion of the results. At least 70 % of all emerging diseases have a zoonotic  reservoir. The exponential growth of human activity in previously undeveloped territories determines the increasing  influence of zoonotic pathogens. The infection of people with zoonotic pathogens occurs in direct and indirect contact  with infected animals and surfaces contaminated with their secretions, transmissible transmission through arthropod  bites, food transport through the consumption of contaminated food and drinking water. Two different transmission  models have been established among zoonoses from wild animals to man. One of these models assumes, that human  infection is a random event with a low probability, in the future, the pathogen is transmitted from person to person.  In the second model, direct or vector-mediated pathogen transfer from animal to human is a link in the natural cycle  of the pathogen. The risk of transmission of the virus from the zoonotic reservoir to humans is the highest in animal  species adapted to human habitats. Conclusions. The highest level of danger as a source of zoonotic diseases represent  primates, ungulates, carnivores and especially bats, which are natural reservoirs for a number of dangerous and  especially dangerous viral diseases. Representatives of families Poxviridae, Ortomyxoviridae and Coronaviridae have  already been caused pandemics, which caused enormous damage to all spheres of human activity. These pathogens can  be considered as the most likely agents of future pandemics.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.