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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nbsprot</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник войск РХБ защиты</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of NBC Protection Corps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2791</issn><publisher><publisher-name>27 Научный центр</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35825/2587-5728-2023-7-4-338-349</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nbsprot-331</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Биологическая безопасность и защита от биологических угроз</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Biological Security and Protection against Biological Threats</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сублинии геноварианта «омикрон» вируса SARS-CoV-2 как потенциальные доминирующие агенты новых подъемов заболеваемости COVID-19 в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sublines of Omicron Genovariant of SARS-CoV-2 Virus  as Potential Dominant Agents of New Rises of COVID-19  Morbidity in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1817-0126</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизикова</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizikova</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сизикова Татьяна Евгеньевна - Старший научный сотрудник, канд. биол. наук</p><p>141306, Московская обл., г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana E. Sizikova - Leading Researcher. Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Oktyabrskaya St, 11, Sergiev Posad 141306</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карулина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karulina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карулина Наталья Васильевна - Старший научный сотрудник, канд. биол. наук</p><p>141306, Московская обл., г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya V. Karulina - Leading Researcher. Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Oktyabrskaya St, 11, Sergiev Posad 141306</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петров Александр Анатольевич - Начальник научно-исследовательского управления, д-р мед.наук</p><p>141306, Московская обл., г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Petrov - Head of Research Department, Dr Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Oktyabrskaya St, 11, Sergiev Posad 141306</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7674-2321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедев Виталий Николаевич - Ведущий научный сотрудник, д-р биол. наук </p><p>141306, Московская обл., г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaliy N. Lebedev - Senior Researcher. Dr Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Oktyabrskaya St, 11, Sergiev Posad 141306</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-3919</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисевич</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisevich</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисевич Сергей Владимирович - Начальник ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России, д-р биол. наук, профессор, академик РАН</p><p>141306, Московская обл., г. Сергиев Посад-6, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Borisevich - Head of Institute. Dr Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Oktyabrskaya St, 11, Sergiev Posad 141306</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский &#13;
институт» Министерства обороны</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution "48 Central Research Institute" of the Ministry of Defence</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>338</fpage><lpage>349</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сизикова Т.Е., Карулина Н.В., Петров А.А., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сизикова Т.Е., Карулина Н.В., Петров А.А., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sizikova T.E., Karulina N.V., Petrov A.A., Lebedev V.N., Borisevich S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/331">https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/331</self-uri><abstract><p>Анализ существующей информации о распространении COVID-19 в России показывает, что одной из ведущих причин возникновения новых подъемов заболеваемости является распространение новых вариантов вируса SARS-CoV-2. Геновариант «омикрон» вируса SARS-CoV-2 стал доминирующим вариантом пятого и последующих подъемов заболеваемости COVID-19 в России. Цель работы – анализ возникающих сублиний геноварианта «омикрон» вируса SARS-CoV-2 как потенциальных ведущих агентов новых подъемов заболеваемости COVID-19 в России. Источниковая база исследования. Данные, опубликованные в отечественных и англоязычных научных изданиях, доступных через сеть Интернет (РИНЦ, PubMed, Google Scholar). Метод исследования – аналитический. Результаты. Вариант «омикрон» (B1.1.529) вируса SARS-CoV-2 был впервые выявлен 22 ноября 2021 г. в ЮАР и Ботсване. Вероятно, что он возник в результате многократных пассажей возбудителя в организме больного с иммуннодефицитным состоянием. В работе рассмотрены основные свойства геноварианта «омикрон» и его сублиний, эпидемические характеристики подъемов заболеваемости COVID-19 в России, вызванных сублиниями геноварианта «омикрон», проведена оценка сублиний геноварианта «омикрон» как потенциальных доминирующих агентов новых подъемов заболеваемости COVID-19 в России. На основании рассмотренных данных показано, что основным направлением эволюции вируса SARS-CoV-2 является появление сублиний геноварианта «омикрон», характеризующихся повышенной трансмиссивностью, но меньшей тяжестью вызываемого заболевания по сравнению с ранее циркулирующими геновариантами возбудителя COVID-19. Основным отличительным признаком новых субвариантов, «Кракен», «Цербер», «Кентавр», «Арктур», «Пирола», геноварианта «омикрон» являются множественные аминокислотные замены в структурном гликопротеине S. Максимальный уровень изменчивости данного структурного белка по сравнению с исходным вариантом B.1.1.529 отмечен для субварианта «Пирола», но только субвариант «Кракен» стал доминирующим агентом подъема заболеваемости COVID-19 в России. Вывод. Новые подъемы заболеваемости COVID-19 в России главным образом будут связаны не с появлением новых субвариантов геноварианта «омикрон», а с сезонным фактором.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The analysis of existing information about invasion of COVID-19 in Russia shows that that one of leading reason of  existing of new rises of covid-19 morbidity is distribution of new genovariants of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The omicron  genovariant of SARS-CoV-2 virus was a dominant agent of fifth and subsequent rises of COVID-19 morbidity in  Russia. The aim of this work – the estimation of sublines of omicron genovariant of SARS-CoV-2 virus as potential  dominant agents of new rises of COVID-19 morbidity in Russia. The source base of the study. Data published in  Russian and English-language scientific publications available via the Internet (RSCI, PubMed, Google Scholar). The  research method is analytical. Results. The basic properties of omicron genovariant of SARS-CoV-2 virus, epidemical  characteristics of the rises of COVID-19 morbidity in Russia, caused by new sublines of omicron variant, estimation  ofsublines of omicron genovariant as potential dominant agent of new rises of COVID-19 morbidity in Russia are  viewed. It is shown that basic direction of SARS-CoV-2 virus evolution is existing of sublines of omicron genovariant,  which are characterized by increased transmissivity but with less severity of the disease caused compared to previously  circulated variants of COVID-19agent. The main distinguishing feature of the new subvariants («Kraken», «Czerber»,  «Centaur», «Arktur», «Pirola») are multiple amino acid exchanges in structural glycoprotein S. The maximum level  of variability of this structural protein compared to the original variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus is marked for Pirola  subvariant. Onle Kraken subvariant was dominant agent of rise of COVID-19 morbidity in Russia. Conclusion. New  rises of COVID-19 morbidity in Russia will not be connected with existing of new subvariants of omicron genovariant,  but only with season factor.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аминокислотные замены</kwd><kwd>вирус SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>генетическая изменчивость</kwd><kwd>геновариант «омикрон»</kwd><kwd>коллективный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>«Пирола»</kwd><kwd>субварианты</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2 virus</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>Omicron genovariant</kwd><kwd>subvariant</kwd><kwd>genetic variability</kwd><kwd>amino acid  exchanges</kwd><kwd>herd immunity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский  институт» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48  Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сизикова ТЕ, Лебедев ВН, Борисевич СВ. 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