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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nbsprot</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник войск РХБ защиты</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of NBC Protection Corps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2791</issn><publisher><publisher-name>27 Научный центр</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35825/2587-5728-2023-7-3-261-275</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ofpwng</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nbsprot-321</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Биологическая безопасность и защита от биологических угроз</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Biological Security and Protection against Biological Threats</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гуманизированные антитела. Современные разработки и перспективы создания медицинских средств биологической защиты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanized Antibodies. Modern Developments and Prospects for the Creation of Medical Protectors Against Biological Threads and Hazards</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горшков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorshkov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горшков Антон Сергеевич, научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела, канд. мед. наук</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton S. Gorshkov, researcher of the Scientific and Researcher Department. Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue, 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">23527@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печенкин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pechenkin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Печенкин Денис Валериевич, начальник научно-исследовательского отдела, канд. мед. наук</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis V. Pechenkin, chief of the Scientific and Researcher Department. Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue, 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">23527@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецовский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsovskiy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецовский Андрей Владимирович, начальник отдела планирования НИР – заместитель начальника филиала по НИР, канд. биол. наук</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Kuznetsovskiy, chief of the Department of Planning of Science and Research – Deputy Chief of the Branch. Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue, 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">23527@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровской</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovskoy</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боровской Денис Витальевич, начальник научно-исследовательского управления, канд. биол. наук</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis V. Borovskoy, chief of the Scientific and Researcher Stewardship. Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue, 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">23527@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Филиал федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации (г. Киров)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Branch Office of the Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>261</fpage><lpage>275</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горшков А.С., Печенкин Д.В., Кузнецовский А.В., Боровской Д.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горшков А.С., Печенкин Д.В., Кузнецовский А.В., Боровской Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorshkov A.S., Pechenkin D.V., Kuznetsovskiy A.V., Borovskoy D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/321">https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/321</self-uri><abstract><p>Пассивная иммунизация – вариант иммунизации, при котором в организм вводятся антитела в достаточном для оказания лечебного эффекта количестве. «Окном возможностей» для пассивной иммунизации остается экстренная постконтактная профилактика инфекционных заболеваний и их превентивная терапия, особенно при отсутствии подходящих для этих целей химиотерапевтических препаратов или их недостаточной эффективности. Существующие гетерологичные препараты на основе гипериммунных сывороток обладают высокой реактогенностью, а получение донорских человеческих иммуноглобулинов сопряжено с рядом этических и технических ограничений. Поэтому биотехнологии, позволяющие в промышленном масштабе получить низкореактогенные препараты химерных моноклональных антител с частично человеческой специфичностью, а также рекомбинантные антитела полностью человеческой специфичности, имеют огромные перспективы. Это направление получило название «гуманизация антител». Цель работы – провести анализ современных разработок и показать перспективы создания гуманизированных антител, специфичных к антигенам возбудителей особо опасных инфекций и токсинам, в качестве медицинских средств биологической защиты. Источниковая база исследования – англоязычная научная литература, доступная через сеть «Интернет». Метод исследования – анализ научных источников по изучаемой тематике от общего к частному. Результаты и обсуждение. Представлена история создания препаратов специфической профилактики на основе гетерологичных и гомологичных сывороток/иммуноглобулинов и моноклональных антител. Показано, что в настоящее время гуманизированные специфические моноклональные антитела широко применяются для терапии ряда тяжелых хронических заболеваний (например, ревматоидного артрита, псориаза, иммуновоспалительных заболеваний кишечника, злокачественных опухолей). Заключение. В последнее время отмечено появление как научных разработок, так и уже разрешенных к применению в клинической практике препаратов рекомбинантных антител, специфичных к антигенам возбудителей особо опасных инфекций и токсинам – потенциальным агентам биотеррора, таким как сибиреязвенный микроб, ботулинические токсины различных типов, растительные токсины рицин и абрин, эболавирусы, коронавирусы. Такие препараты могут также быть применены как медицинские средства биологический защиты от поражающих агентов биологического оружия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Passive immunization is the variant of the immunization, in which antibodies are introduced into the body in quantities, sufficient to provide a therapeutic effect. One of the «windows of opportunity» for passive immunization is an urgent post-exposure prophylaxis of infectious diseases and their preventive therapy, especially in the absence of chemotherapy drugs suitable for these purposes or their insufficient effectiveness. The existing heterologous drugs based on hyperimmune sera are highly reactogenic, and obtaining donor human immunoglobulins is associated with a number of ethical and technical restrictions. Therefore, biotechnologies that make it possible to obtain, on an industrial scale, low-reactogenic preparations of chimeric monoclonal antibodies with partially human specificity, as well as recombinant antibodies with fully human specificity, have enormous prospects. This trend is called «humanization of antibodies.» The purpose of this article is to analyze modern developments and to show the prospects for creating humanized antibodies specific to antigens of pathogens of especially dangerous infections and toxins as medical biological protection agents. The sources of the research are English-language studies and the scientific literature available via the Internet. The research method is an analysis of scientific sources on the topic being studied from the general to the specific. Results and discussion. The history of the creation of specific prevention drugs based on heterologous and homologous sera/immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies is presented. It has been shown in the article, that humanized specific monoclonal antibodies are widely used currently for the treatment of a number of severe chronic diseases (for example, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, immunoinflammatory bowel diseases, malignant tumors). Conclusion. Recently, there has been an increase in numbers of both scientific research and developments, and drugs of recombinant antibodies already approved for use in clinical practice, specific to antigens of pathogens of especially dangerous infections and toxins - potential agents of bioterrorism, such as the anthrax microbe, botulinum toxins of various types, plant toxins ricin and abrin, ebolaviruses, coronaviruses. Such drugs can also be used as medical protectors against biological threats and hazards.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гетерологичные препараты</kwd><kwd>гуманизация</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd><kwd>пассивный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>токсины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd><kwd>passive immunity</kwd><kwd>heterologous drugs</kwd><kwd>humanization</kwd><kwd>toxins</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Филиал федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации (г. Киров)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Branch Office of the Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCulloch EA, Till JE. The radiation sensitivity of normal mouse bone marrow cells, determined by quantitative marrow transplantation into irradiated mice. Radiat Res. 1960;13:115–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCulloch EA, Till JE. The radiation sensitivity of normal mouse bone marrow cells, determined by quantitative marrow transplantation into irradiated mice. Radiat Res. 1960;13:115–25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бернет Ф. Целостность организма и иммунитет. 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