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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nbsprot</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник войск РХБ защиты</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of NBC Protection Corps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2791</issn><publisher><publisher-name>27 Научный центр</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35825/2587-5728-2023-7-2-165-177</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">oqgbbv</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nbsprot-290</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЧЕСКОЕ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОРУЖИЕ В ВОЙНАХ И КОНФЛИКТАХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS IN WARS AND CONFLICTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биологические и химические атаки США на Кубу в 1963–1996 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The US Biological and Chemical Agression Against Cuba in  1963–1996</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эрнандес Касерес</surname><given-names>Х. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hernandez Caceres</surname><given-names>J. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хосе Луис Эрнандес Касерес -  Доктор биологических наук, профессор</p><p>190 #2503 entre 25 y 27, Cubanacán, Плайя, Гавана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Jose Luis Hernandez Caceres - Doctor of Biological Sciences (PhD), Professor</p><p>190 #2503 entre 25 y 27, Cubanacán, Playa Havana La Habana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cneuro@cneuro.edu.cu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубинский Центр Нейронаук</institution><country>Куба</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cuban Neuroscience Center</institution><country>Cuba</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>165</fpage><lpage>177</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Эрнандес Касерес Х.Л., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эрнандес Касерес Х.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Hernandez Caceres J.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/290">https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/290</self-uri><abstract><p>На протяжении почти 60 лет США пытались свергнуть правительство Фиделя Кастро на Кубе, используя для этого самые разнообразные средства, в том числе химические и биологические агенты. При этом их применение официальным Вашингтоном всегда официально отрицалось. Цель работы – обобщить доступные источники, доказывающие причастность США, а также созданных и поддерживаемых ими группировок кубинской оппозиции, к биологическим и химическим диверсиям против как экономики, так и народа Кубы. Источниковая база. В работе использовались разнообразные открытые источники, в том числе заявления официальных лиц Кубы, материалы кубинской и американской прессы, рассекреченные документы правительственных структур США, а также публичные признания бывших агентов ЦРУ и кубинских оппозиционеров. Метод исследования – перекрестный анализ документов. Обсуждение результатов. Рассекреченные документы США показывают, что организаторы «Операции 40» и «Операции Мангуст» планировали использование против плантаций сельскохозяйственных культур и скота биологических поражающих агентов и растений-паразитов. Также был отравлен экспортируемый в СССР сахар. Кроме того, глава одной из кубинских террористических организаций признался, что ввез на Кубу биологические агенты, которые в 1981 г. спровоцировали эпидемию геморрагической лихорадки Денге. Показания других бывших агентов ЦРУ также указывают на использование в 1971 г. вируса африканской чумы свиней для уничтожения поголовья свиней на Кубе. Нетипичное протекание эпидемии лихорадки Денге в 1981 г., а также отсутствие в то время штамма (Денге-2) этого вируса в западном полушарии, указывают на спланированный характер диверсии, результатом которой стала вспышка болезни на острове. Выводы. В годы «холодной войны» США активно применяли против сельского хозяйства и народа Кубы химические и биологические агенты. Рассмотренные факты позволяют сделать выводы о характере методов, которые ЦРУ использовало для организации и проведения биодиверсий: такие операции планировались «в долгую» и имели масштабные цели – например, ликвидировать производство сахара на острове или вызвать голод; для биологических диверсий использовались высококонтагиозные возбудители болезней людей и животных; искусственно вызванные вспышки эпидемий и эпизоотий маскировались под естественные; для осуществления диверсий привлекались представители местной оппозиции, а также наемники; для заражения сельскохозяйственных животных применялись вакцины, контаминированные вирулентными штаммами непосредственно на фармзаводах, а также зараженные корма.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>For almost 60 years, the United States has tried to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro in Cuba, using a variety  of means, including chemical and biological agents. At the same time, their use has always been officially denied by  Washington. The purpose of this article is to summarize the available sources proving the involvement of the United  States, as well as the groups of the Cuban opposition created and supported by the US, in biological and chemical  sabotage against both the economy and the people of Cuba. Sources, research methods. The author used a variety of  open sources, including the statements by Cuban officials, materials from the Cuban and American press, declassified  documents from the US government agencies, as well as public confessions of former CIA agents and Cuban opposition  figures. The research method is the cross analysis. The discussion of the results. The declassified US documents show  that the organizers of «Operation 40» and «Operation Mongoose» planned to use biological agents and parasitic plants  against plantations of crops and livestock. Sugar exported to the USSR was also poisoned. In addition, the head of one  of the Cuban terrorist organizations admitted that he had imported biological agents to Cuba, which provoked an  epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever in 1981. The testimoies of several other former CIA agents also point to the use  of African swine fever in 1971 to kill pigs in Cuba. The atypical course of the Dengue fever epidemic in 1981, as well as  the absence of a strain (Dengue-2) of this virus in the Western Hemisphere at that time, indicate the planned nature of  the sabotage, which resulted in an outbreak on the island. Conclusions. During the Cold War, the United States actively  used chemical and biological agents against agriculture and the people of Cuba. The facts considered allow us to draw  conclusions about the nature of the methods that the CIA used to organize and conduct biosabotage: such operations  were planned «in the long run» and had large-scale goals – for example, to eliminate sugar production on the island or  cause famine; highly contagious pathogens of human and animal diseases were used for biological sabotage; artificially caused outbreaks of epidemics and epizootics were disguised as natural ones; representatives of the local opposition, as  well as mercenaries, were involved in the implementation of sabotage; to infect farm animals, vaccines contaminated  with virulent strains directly at biofactories, as well as contaminated feed were used.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>африканская чума свиней</kwd><kwd>биологическая война</kwd><kwd>биологическое оружие</kwd><kwd>Куба</kwd><kwd>лихорадка Денге</kwd><kwd>ООН</kwd><kwd>СССР</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>химическое оружие</kwd><kwd>холодная война</kwd><kwd>ЦРУ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>African swine fever</kwd><kwd>biological weapons</kwd><kwd>chemical weapons</kwd><kwd>CIA</kwd><kwd>Cold War</kwd><kwd>Cuba</kwd><kwd>Denge fever</kwd><kwd>UN</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>USSR</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valdés-Sosa M., Velázquez-Pérez L.C., Mirabal C.C. et al. 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