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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nbsprot</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник войск РХБ защиты</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of NBC Protection Corps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2791</issn><publisher><publisher-name>27 Научный центр</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35825/2587-5728-2023-7-1-24-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">jrcnaj</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nbsprot-273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ И ЗАЩИТА ОТ ЯДЕРНОГО ОРУЖИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RADIATION SAFETY AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS DEFENSE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лечение лучевых поражений мезенхимальными стволовыми клетками</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Treatment of Radiation Lesions with Mesenchymal Stem Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-488X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лакота</surname><given-names>Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lakota</surname><given-names>Já.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ян Лакота, MD, PhD</p><p>841 04</p><p>Dubravská cesta 9</p><p>факультет менеджмента</p><p>820 05</p><p>Odbojárov 10</p><p>Братислава</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ján Lakota, MD, PhD</p><p>841 04</p><p>Dubravska cesta 9</p><p>Faculty of Management</p><p>820 05</p><p>Odbojárov 10</p><p>Bratislava</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jan.lakota@savba.sk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр экспериментальной медицины, SAS; Коменский университет</institution><country>Словакия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS; Comenius University</institution><country>Slovakia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лакота Я., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лакота Я.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lakota J.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/273">https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/273</self-uri><abstract><p>   Острый лучевой синдром (ОЛС) – острое заболевание, вызванное воздействием на организм высокой дозы ионизирующего излучения. ОЛС представляет собой детерминированный эффект радиационного облучения всего тела или значительного объема тела (частичное облучение тела) выше пороговой дозы около 1 Гр (грей). К массовому развитию ОЛС у людей могут привести радиационные аварии, такие как произошли в Чернобыле (1986 г.) и Фукусиме (2011 г.), и, что сегодня уже нельзя игнорировать – применение ядерного оружия в ходе боевых действий или в результате теракта.</p><p>   Цель работы – внедрить новый метод постлучевого лечения – использование аллогенных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (МСК).</p><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. Исследовалась информация, содержащаяся в специализированных научных журналах, находящихся в свободном доступе и доступных через глобальную сеть «Интернет».</p><p>   Обсуждение результатов. В сценарии массового облучения населения, когда облученными могут оказаться от нескольких десятков (сотен) до миллионов человек, традиционно используемое в таких случаях переливание гемопоэтических стволовых клеток окажется невозможным. МСК способны дифференцироваться в специализированные клетки, то есть превращаться в клетки различных органов и тканей. Для практических применения существует два основных источника их выделения и размножения ex vivo – костный мозг и жировая ткань. К настоящему времени показано, что МСК, полученные из жировой ткани, могут быть эффективными в смягчении последствий острой лучевой болезни. МСК способны наводиться в костный мозг и частично восстанавливать его функцию. В локальные лучевые поражения вовлекаются и глубокие анатомические структуры: кость, мышцы, нервы, кровеносные и лимфатические сосуды и кожа. Имеется убедительный объем данных, свидетельствующих об эффектах МСК при их применении для лечения таких поражений. Это объясняется тем, что МСК способны дифференцироваться в те анатомические структуры, в которые они попадают. Основное преимущество аллогенных МСК перед аутологичными – логистическая доступность Их можно наработать заранее в количествах и хранить в замороженном виде. После оттаивания клетки необходимо культивировать не менее 48 ч во влажных инкубаторах с добавлением 5 % СО2.</p></sec><sec><title>   Выводы</title><p>   Выводы. Лечение МСК необходимо начинать как можно раньше послелучевого воздействия. Спасение поврежденных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток в костном мозге может быть достигнуто многократным введением внутривенно до 1 млн (106) свежеприготовленных аллогенных МСК/кг массы тела. Локально (вокруг и в области облучения) доза МСК может быть ниже – 20 млн клеток. Повторное местное применение следует проводить с интервалом от двух до четырех недель. Последующая хирургическая реконструкция должна выполняться опытным хирургом и в специализированном центре с сопутствующим местным применением МСК.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is an acute illness caused by exposure to a high dose of ionizing radiation. ARS is the deterministic effect of radiation exposure of the whole body or a significant body volume (partial body irradiation) above a threshold dose of about 1 Gy (gray). Radiation accidents, such as those in Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011), or the possible use of nuclear weapons during the hostilities or terrorist attacks, can lead to the massive development of ARS in humans.</p><p>   The aim of the work is to introduce a new method of post-radiation treatment – the use of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).</p><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods. The information contained in specialized scientific journals that are freely available and accessible through the global Internet was studied.</p><p>   Discussion of the results. In the scenario of mass exposure of the population, when from several tens (hundreds) to millions of people can be irradiated, the transfusion of hematopoietic stem cells traditionally used in such cases would be impossible. MSCs can possibly differentiate into specialized cells, that is, turn into cells of various organs and tissues or induce such kind of regeneration. For practical use, there are two main sources of their isolation and reproduction ex vivo – bone marrow and adipose tissue. To date, it has been shown that MSCs derived from adipose tissue can be effective in mitigating the effects of acute radiation illness. Intravenously applied MSCs are migrating mainly to the bone marrow and are partially restoring its function. Deep anatomical structures are also involved in local radiation injuries: bone, muscles, nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels and skin. There is a strong body of evidence suggesting the «repair effect» of MSCs when used to treat such lesions. This is because MSCs can induce the repair and regeneration of the anatomical structures which they are locally applied, possibly by the paracrine effect. The main advantage of allogeneic MSCs over autologous ones is their logistical accessibility. They can be produced in advance in quantities and stored frozen. After thawing, the cells must be cultured for at least 48 hours in humidified incubators with the addition of 5 % CO2.</p></sec><sec><title>   Findings</title><p>   Findings. Treatment of MSCs should be started as soon as possible after radiation exposure. Rescue of damaged hematopoiesis in the bone marrow can be achieved by multiple intravenous administration of up to 1 million (106) freshly prepared allogeneic MSCs/kg body weight. Locally (around and in the irradiation area), the dose of MSCs may be lower – 20 million cells. Repeated topical application should be carried out at intervals of two to four weeks. Subsequent surgical reconstruction should be performed by an experienced surgeon and in a specialized center with concomitant topicalapplication of MSCs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клетки костного мозга</kwd><kwd>клиническая практика</kwd><kwd>лечение мезенхимальными стволовыми клетками</kwd><kwd>лучевая болезнь</kwd><kwd>лучевые поражения</kwd><kwd>мезенхимальные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>радиационная авария</kwd><kwd>радиационные эффекты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells</kwd><kwd>bone marrow cells</kwd><kwd>clinical praxis</kwd><kwd>mesenchymal stem cells</kwd><kwd>MSC treatment</kwd><kwd>radiation accident</kwd><kwd>radiation effects</kwd><kwd>radiation injuries</kwd><kwd>radiation lesions</kwd><kwd>radiation sickness</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Источников финансирования для декларирования нет</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">There are no funding sources to declare</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferrari C., Manenti G., Malizia A. 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