nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2023-7-1-6-23rhsvzanbsprot-272Research ArticleРАДИАЦИОННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ И ЗАЩИТА ОТ ЯДЕРНОГО ОРУЖИЯRADIATION SAFETY AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS DEFENSEБронебойные снаряды на основе обедненного урана и последствия их применения для окружающей среды и людейArmor Piercing Projectiles Based on Depleted Uranium and the Consequences of Their Use for the Environment and Peoplehttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-3193-1032СупотницкийМ. В.SupotnitskiyM. V.

Михаил Васильевич Супотницкий, главный специалист, канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр.

111024

проезд Энтузиастов, д. 19

Москва

Mikhail Vasilyevich Supotnitskiy, Senior Researcher, Chief Specialist, Candidate of  Biological Sciences

111024

Entuziastov Passage, 19

Moscow

27nc_1@mil.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «27 Научный центр» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Establishment «27 Scientific Centre» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian FederationRussian Federation20230408202371623Copyright © Супотницкий М.В., 20232023Супотницкий М.В.Supotnitskiy M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/272

   Поставки коллективным Западом вооруженным силам Украины бронебойных снарядов с сердечниками (пенетраторами) из обедненного урана (depleted uranium, DU) меняют ситуацию в зоне специальной военной операции (СВО). В боевые действия вводится новый поражающий фактор – уран-238 (238U), один из самых долгоживущих природных радиоактивных изотопов урана.

   Цель обзора – выявить признаки и последствия применения бронебойных снарядов на основе обедненного урана.

   Материалы и методы исследования. Анализировались источники, доступные через базы данных PubMed, Google Scholar и Российской электронной библиотеки.

   Результаты исследования. НАТО использует DU в снарядах калибров 20, 25, 30, 105, 120 и 140 мм. Сердечники изготавливаются из рециклированного DU, являющегося отходом производства ядерного оружия. За счет техногенных изотопов он более радиоактивен, чем DU из природного урана. При попадании такого снаряда в бронеобъект образуется большое количество респирабельной радиоактивной и токсичной пыли окислов урана черного цвета, мелких осколков и фрагментов пенетратора, остающихся в бронетехнике и вокруг нее. Один 120-мм снаряд образует примерно 950 г токсичной радиоактивной пыли. Почти 99 % внутренней дозы, полученной военнослужащим, придется на альфа-частицы, наиболее опасные для здоровья. Не попавшие в цель снаряды углубляются в почву, их пенетраторы десятилетиями подвергаются коррозии, выделяя в подземные источники воды растворимые соединения урана. На территориях, где применялись снаряды с DU, наблюдаются массовые заболевания «неясной этиологии» среди военнослужащих и мирного населения, снижающие продолжительность их жизни и фертильность.

   Обсуждение результатов и выводы. Утверждения, что DU безопасен и малорадиоактивен, являются дезинформацией. Первые признаки применения снарядов с DU, которые можно установить на поле боя: круглые отверстия в броне танков и наличие вокруг них и в самом танке твердой черной пыли. При пожарах на складах таких снарядов, из-за других условий окисления, образуется рассыпающаяся пыль желтого цвета. При исследовании пыли DU необходимо обратить внимание на наличие повышенных концентраций 236U. Факт поражения DU военнослужащего можно подтвердить по наличию урана в его моче. Применение снарядов с DU на территории Российской Федерации по своим последствиям для людей и природы – это применение радиологического оружия, замаскированная форма ведения ядерной войны. И к ней необходимо относиться соответствующим образом.

   The intention of the collective West to supply the armed forces of Ukraine with armor-piercing shells with cores (penetrators) made of depleted uranium (DU), is changing the situation in the zone of special military operation (SVO). A new damaging factor is introduced into combat operations – uranium-238 (238U), one of the longest-lived natural radioactive isotopes of uranium.

   The purpose of the review is to identify the signs and consequences of the use of armor-piercing projectiles based on depleted uranium.

   Materials and research methods. The sources available through the PubMed, Google Scholar and Russian Electronic Library databases were analyzed.

   Research results. NATO uses DU in 20-, 25-, 30-, 105-, 120- and 140-mm caliber projectiles. The cores are made from recycled DU, which is a waste from the production of nuclear weapons. Due to man-made isotopes, it is more radioactive than DU from natural uranium. When such a projectile hits an armored object, a large amount of respirable radioactive and toxic dust of black uranium oxides, small fragments and fragments of the penetrator, remaining in the armored vehicles and around it, is formed. One 120 mm projectile produces approximately 950 g of black dust. Almost 99 % of the internal dose received by the military will come from alpha particles, the most dangerous to health. Projectiles that miss their targets sink deep into the soil, their penetrators corrode for decades, releasing soluble uranium compounds into underground water sources. In areas where DU shells were used, mass diseases of «unexplained etiology» are observed among military personnel and civilians, reducing their life expectancy and fertility.

   Discussion of results and conclusions. The first signs of the use of shells with DU, which can be installed on the battlefield: round holes in the armor of tanks and the presence of solid black dust around them and in the tank itself. In case of fires in the warehouses of such shells, due to other oxidation conditions, crumbling yellow dust is formed. When examining it, it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of elevated concentrations of 236U. The fact that a soldier was hit by DU can be confirmed by the presence of uranium in his urine. The use of DU shells on the territory of the Russian Federation, in terms of its consequences for people and nature, is the use of radiological weapons, a disguised form of nuclear warfare. And it must be treated accordingly.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.