nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2019-3-3-255-289utjrwznbsprot-248Research ArticleХИМИЧЕСКОЕ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОРУЖИЕ В ВОЙНАХ И КОНФЛИКТАХCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS IN WARS AND CONFLICTSХимическое оружие в ирано-иракской войне 1980–1988 годов. 3. Медицинские последствия химической войныChemical Weapons in the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) 3. Medical Consequences of Chemical WarfareСупотницкийМ. В.SupotnitskiyM. V.

Супотницкий Михаил Васильевич. Главный специалист, канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр.

105005, г. Москва, Бригадирский переулок, д. 13

Mikhail Vasilyevich Supotnitskiy. Senior Researcher. Chief Specialist. Candidate of Biological Sciences

Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005

27nc_1@mil.ruШилоН. И.ShiloN. I.

Шило Наталья Игоревна. Научный сотрудник отдела

105005, г. Москва, Бригадирский переулок, д. 13

Natalya Igorevna Shilo. Researcher. Scientific Editor

Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005

КовтунВ. А.KovtunV. A.

Ковтун Виктор Александрович. Начальник центра, канд. хим. наук, доц. 

105005, г. Москва, Бригадирский переулок, д. 13

Viktor Aleksandrovich Kovtun. Head of the Centre. Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor 

Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «27 Научный центр» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Establishment «27 Scientific Centre» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian FederationRussian Federation20191207202333255288Copyright © Супотницкий М.В., Шило Н.И., Ковтун В.А., 20232023Супотницкий М.В., Шило Н.И., Ковтун В.А.Supotnitskiy M.V., Shilo N.I., Kovtun V.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/248

В третьей работе цикла статей об ирано-иракской войне 1980–1988 гг. рассмотрены медицинские последствия применения химического оружия. При ее подготовке использовались официальные документы и материалы ООН, рассекреченные документы ЦРУ, а также другие открытые западные и иранские источники. Показано, что химическая война против Исламской Республики Иран велась в условиях значительно возросшей мощи химического оружия, когда иракская армия имела возможность с помощью авиации осуществлять многократные массированные химические удары на оперативную глубину и использовать реактивные системы залпового огня для массированного применения отравляющих веществ (ОВ) в тактической зоне. На отдельных участках фронта летальность от сернистого иприта достигала 30 %, что было невозможно в Первую Мировую войну. Неготовность иранской армии к химической войне привела к серьезным безвозвратным потерям среди иранских военнослужащих во время войны (25 тыс. человек) и к тяжелым отдаленным последствиям для здоровья выживших (не менее 100 тыс. человек). Как и в Первую Мировую войну, в этой войне сернистый иприт оказался «королем газов», сделав калеками десятки тысяч человек. Иранскими учеными было установлено, что после излечения острых поражений в госпиталях, патологический процесс, вызванный действием ОВ, не прекращается, а входит в фазу отложенных последствий, проявляющихся с возрастом пациента. Со стороны органов дыхания – это обструктивные процессы в легких («ипритное легкое»), имеющие необратимый характер. На 2014 г. около 45 тыс. иранцев страдали поздними респираторными осложнениями, вызванными сернистым ипритом. Со стороны кожи – это экземоидный дерматит, витилиго, псориаз и дискоидная красная волчанка. Со стороны глаз – отсроченный язвенный кератит и различные поражения в неврологических тканях глаза и сосудистой системы глазного дна. Со стороны сердечно-сосудистой системы – «легочное сердце» и эктазия коронарных артерий. Со стороны репродуктивных органов мужчин – кроме прямого калечащего действия, эректильная дисфункция и бесплодие, вызванные патологическим влиянием сернистого иприта на ось «гипоталамус-гипофиз-семенник», нарушающие секрецию репродуктивных гормонов и сперматогенез. Рассмотрены и другие патологии. В статью включено большое количество фотографий, схем и изображений, ранее не публиковавшихся в отечественной медицинской литературе.

The third article in the series is dedicated to the medical consequences of the chemical warfare between Iran and Iraq during the war (1980–1988). The UN official documents and materials, declassified CIA documents, as well as other open Western and Iranian sources have been used during its preparation. The chemical war against the Islamic Republic of Iran was waged in the conditions of the increased power of chemical weapons, when the Iraqi army had the opportunity to carry out multiple massive chemical aviation strikes at operational depth and to use multiple launch rocket systems for the massive use of toxic substances in the tactical zone. The mortality from sulfur mustard reached 30 % in some sections of the front, that was impossible during the First World War. The unpreparedness of the Iranian army to chemical warfare led to the serious irretrievable losses among the Iranian military during the war (25 thousand people) and to the grave long-term consequences for the health of the survivors (at least 100 thousand people), despite of the relatively small amount of poisonous substances used by Iraq (2.54 thousand tons). As in World War I, sulfur mustard turned out to be the «king of gases» in this war. The Iranian scientists find out that even after the curing of acute lesions in hospitals the pathological process caused by the action of poisonous substances does not stop. It enters the phase of delayed effects, manifested with the age of the patient. There are the irreversible obstructive processes in the lungs («mustard lung»). In 2014 about 45 thousand Iranians suffered from late respiratory complications caused by sulfur mustard. There are the eczemoid dermatitis, vitiligo, psoriasis and discoid lupus erythematosus. There are the delayed ulcerative keratitis and various lesions in the neurological tissues of the eye and in the ocular fundus of the vascular system. There are other pathologies as well. The article contains a large number of photographs, diagrams and images, never published in Russian medical literature before.

ветеранызаринипритное легкоеирано-иракская войнаотложенные осложненияпосттравматическое стрессовое расстройствосернистый иприттабунтоксический эффектхимическое оружиециклозаринveteranssarinmustard lungIran-Iraq wardelayed complicationspost-traumatic stress disordersulfur mustardtabuntoxic effectchemical weaponscyclosarinАвторы выражают свою признательность доктору технических наук Станиславу Вениаминовичу Петрову, главному научному сотруднику 27 НЦ МО РФ и Игорю Владимировичу Рыбальченко, доктору химических наук, профессору, ведущему научному сотруднику 27 НЦ МО РФ за помощь, оказанную при подготовке этой работы.The authors express their sincere gratitude to Stanislav Veniaminovich Pertov, Chief Researcher at the «27 Scientific Centre» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Technical Sciences, and Igor Vladimirovich Rybalchenko, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Leading Researcher at the «27 Scientific Centre» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, for their kind help and advice.ReferencesСупотницкий М.В., Шило Н.И., Ковтун В.А. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.