nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2019-3-3-217-254deojvfnbsprot-247Research ArticleХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ И ЗАЩИТА ОТ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО ТЕРРОРИЗМАCHEMICAL SECURITY AND PROTECTION AGAINST CHEMICAL TERRORISMСовременные направления создания новых защитных материалов и тканей для средств индивидуальной и коллективной защиты от токсичных химикатов и клеток патогеновModern Directions of Creating New Protective Materials and Tissues for Means of Individual and Collective Protection against Toxic Chemicals and Pathogenic MicroorganismsЗавьяловВ. В.ZavialovV. V.

Завьялов Василий Владимирович. Научный руководитель диссертации на соискание ученой степени канд. хим. наук С.В. Кужелко. Канд. хим. наук, проф. акад. АВН 

105005, г. Москва, Бригадирский пер., д. 13

Vasily Vladimirovich Zavyalov. Candidate of Chemical Sciences

Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005

КужелкоС. В.KujelkoS. V.

Кужелко Сергей Владимирович. Старший офицер отдела

105005, г. Москва, Бригадирский пер., д. 13

Sergey Vladimirovich Kuzhelko. Senior Officer of the Department. Zavyalov V.V . Candidate of Chemical Sciences 

Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005

ЗавьяловаН. В.ZavialovaN. V.

Завьялова Наталья Васильевна. Главный научный сотрудник, д-р биол. наук, проф. акад. АВН

105005, г. Москва, Бригадирский пер., д. 13

Natalya Vasilyevna Zavyalova. Leading Researcher. Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Military Sciences 

Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005

27nc_1@mil.ruКовтунВ. А.KovtunV. A.

Ковтун Виктор Александрович. Начальник центра, канд. хим. наук, доцент 

105005, г. Москва, Бригадирский пер., д. 13

Viktor Aleksandrovich Kovtun. Head of the Centre. Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor 

Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005

ХолстовВ. И.KholstovV. I.

Холстов Виктор Иванович. Член дисс. совета на базе 27 НЦ МО РФ, д-р хим. наук, проф., почетный химик РФ, академик РАЕН и АВН, член-кор. РАРиАН

105005, г. Москва, Бригадирский пер., д. 13

Viktor Ivanovich Kholstov. Member of Dissertation Council of the 27 Scientific Centre of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor 

Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005

ТаранченкоЮ. Ф.TaranchenkoYu. F.

Таранченко Юрий Федорович. Научный сотрудник отдела, канд. хим. наук, снс. 

105005, г. Москва, Бригадирский пер., д. 13

Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005

СластиловаЛ. М.SlastilovaL. M.

Сластилова Любовь Михайловна. Младший научный сотрудник отдела 

105005, г. Москва, Бригадирский пер., д. 13

Lubov Mikhaylovna Slastilova. Junior Researcher 

Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005

ЕфременкоЕ. Н.EfremenkoE. N.

Ефременко Елена Николаевна. Зав. лабораторией, д-р биол. наук, проф. 

119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3

Elena Nikolaevna Efremenko. Head of Laboratory of Ecobiocatalysts of Chemical Enzymology Department, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor 

Lenin’s Hill, 1/3, Moscow, 119991

СинькелевА. П.Sin’keliovA. P.

Синькелев Александр Петрович. Заместитель директора обособленного структурного подразделения, канд. техн. наук, доцент 

392680, г. Тамбов, Моршанское шоссе, д. 19

Alexandr Petrovich Sin’keliov. Deputy Head of the Separate Department. Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor 

Morshanskoe Avenue 19, Tambov City 392680

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «27 Научный центр» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Establishment «27 Scientific Centre» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian FederationRussian FederationМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, химический факультетРоссияFaculty of Chemistry, The M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationОАО «Корпорация «Росхимзащита»Россия«Roshimzaschita» CorportionRussian Federation20191207202333217254Copyright © Завьялов В.В., Кужелко С.В., Завьялова Н.В., Ковтун В.А., Холстов В.И., Таранченко Ю.Ф., Сластилова Л.М., Ефременко Е.Н., Синькелев А.П., 20232023Завьялов В.В., Кужелко С.В., Завьялова Н.В., Ковтун В.А., Холстов В.И., Таранченко Ю.Ф., Сластилова Л.М., Ефременко Е.Н., Синькелев А.П.Zavialov V.V., Kujelko S.V., Zavialova N.V., Kovtun V.A., Kholstov V.I., Taranchenko Y.F., Slastilova L.M., Efremenko E.N., Sin’keliov A.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/247

Цель данной работы – выявление технологий получения материалов и тканей со специальными свойствами, обеспечивающих защиту от токсичных химикатов и болезнетворных микроорганизмов, обладающих свойствами «самоочищения» (самодегазации) и предназначенных для разработки средств индивидуальной и коллективной защиты. Рассмотрены результаты использования новых защитных материалов и тканей при создании современных фильтрующе-сорбирующих средств защиты и экипировки «солдата будущего». Показано, что вне зависимости от способа получения защитных материалов на основе активного угля или сорбентов, свойствами «самоочищения» они не обладают. Их общим существенным недостатком является возможность десорбции токсичных веществ. Кроме этого, также существует ограниченность защитных свойств сорбционной емкостью активного угля (углеродных волокон) и, как следствие, ограниченность по длительности периода времени, в течение которого гарантируется отсутствие паров токсичного химиката за слоем защитного материала. Этот период времени, как правило, не превышает 24 ч. При создании фильтрующих тканей в ближайшей перспективе технология электропрядения, как сама по себе, так и в комбинации с нанотехнологиями, позволит создать широкий спектр материалов с различными свойствами, в том числе противоаэрозольными, дегазирующими, индицирующими, антимикробными и т. д. Из металлоорганических каркасных структур (МОК) при создании средств для дегазации и индикации ОВ, средств индивидуальной защиты и очистки воды, заслуживают внимания МОК на основе циркония, NU-1000, UiO-66. Проведенный анализ данных, полученных в сфере создания фильтрующе-сорбирующих «самоочищающихся» (самодегазирующихся) материалов для средств индивидуальной защиты, показал, что такие свойства материалы могут приобретать за счет их функционализации при использовании наноразмерных металлосодержащих частиц, проявляющих антибактериальные свойства, а также ферментов, катализирующих гидролиз ряда высокотоксичных соединений и продуктов их деструкции.

The purpose of this work is to identify technologies of the production of materials and fabrics that provide protection against toxic chemicals and pathogens for the development of personal and collective protective equipment. These materials and tissues should have specific properties of «self-cleaning» (selfdegassing). The article is dedicated to the consideration of the results of the use of new protective materials and fabrics during the creation of modern filtering and sorbing protective equipment of the «soldier of the future». It is shown in the article, that regardless of the method of producing protective materials on the basis of activated carbon or sorbents, they do not possess the «self-cleaning» properties. Their common significant drawback is the possibility of desorption of toxic substances. In addition, there is also a limitation of their protective properties by the sorption capacity of activated carbon (carbon fibers). As a result, the absence of toxic vapors behind the layer of protective material can be guaranteed for a limited period of time. As a rule, this period of time does not exceed 24. In the nearest future the electrospinning technology, used to obtain filtering fabrics, will create a wide range of materials with various properties, including anti-aerosol, degassing, antimicrobial, etc. The metal organic frameworks (MOFs) based on zirconium, NU-1000, UiO-66, seem to be the most attractive among the MOFs for the creation of means of degassing and indication of toxic agents. The analysis of data obtained in the field of creation of filtering and sorbing «self-cleaning» (self-degassing) materials for personal protective equipment showed that these materials can acquire such properties due to their functionalization while using nanosized metalcontaining particles with antibacterial properties, as well as enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of certain highly toxic compounds and their degradation products.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.