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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nbsprot</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник войск РХБ защиты</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of NBC Protection Corps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2791</issn><publisher><publisher-name>27 Научный центр</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35825/2587-5728-2019-3-2-111-116</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">liwchm</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nbsprot-238</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ И ЗАЩИТА ОТ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО ТЕРРОРИЗМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMICAL SECURITY AND PROTECTION AGAINST CHEMICAL TERRORISM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные биокатализаторы на основе гексагистидинсодержащей органофосфатгидролазы для химической и биологической защиты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Advanced Biocatalysts Based on Hexahistidine-Containing Organophosphorus Hydrolase for Chemical and Biological Defense</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефременко</surname><given-names>E. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efremenko</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефременко Елена Николаевна. Заведующая лабораторией экобиокатализа кафедры, доктор биол. наук, профессор</p><p>199991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Nikolaevna Efremenko. Head of Laboratory of Ecobiocatalysts of Chemical Enzymology Department, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor</p><p>Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 199991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena_efremenko@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лягин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyagin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лягин Илья Владимирович. Старший научный сотрудник кафедры химической энзимологии, канд. хим. наук </p><p>199991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya Vladimirovich Lyagin. Senior Researcher of Chemical Enzymology Department, Candidate of Chemical Sciences </p><p>Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 199991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, химический факультет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ефременко E.Н., Лягин И.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ефременко E.Н., Лягин И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Efremenko E.N., Lyagin I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/238">https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/238</self-uri><abstract><p>Разработаны биокатализаторы на основе органофосфатгидролазы, модифицированной полигистидиновой последовательностью (His6-OPH), предназначенные для детоксикации фосфорорганических соединений (ФОС) и разложения N-ацилгомосеринлактонов. Их создание стало возможным благодаря способности фермента His6-OPH к нековалентному связыванию с различными веществами (полимерами, антиоксидантами, антимикробными средствами и др.). Это же свойство фермента His6-OPH позволило получить различные стабилизированные нанокомплексы. Показано, что молекулярный докинг разных ФОС и N-ацилгомосеринлактонов может быть проведен с использованием компьютерного моделирования непосредственно к активным центрам димера His6-OPH, что позволяет теоретически установить новые субстраты для ферментативного гидролиза. Полученные по разработанной технологии биокатализаторы обладают большой стабильностью в различных условиях окружающей среды. Установлено, что полимеры аминокислот (полиглутаминовая и полиаспаргиновая кислоты) являются наиболее эффективными стабилизаторами фермента His6-OPH, обеспечивающими максимальное сохранение активности фермента. В полученных ферментативных комплексах достигнуто сохранение первоначальных каталитических характеристик фермента до 100%. Фермент His6-OPH был иммобилизован на полиакриламидном криогеле, модифицированном остатками иминодиуксусной кислотой и заряженном ионами двухвалентных металлов, что позволило получить биокаталитически активные колоночные картриджи для полной деградации различных ФОС в проточных системах. Разработана технология применения иммобилизированного фермента His6-OPH для разложения ФОС в виде чистых веществ, а также в составе реакционных масс, получаемых после химического разрушения отравляющих веществ. Также иммобилизированную His6-OPH можно использовать для создания многослойных защитных материалов, эффективно предотвращающих проникновение через них токсичных веществ, таких как VХ, в течение длительного времени. Установлено, что нанобиокатализаторы на основе фермента His6-OPH обладают антидотными свойствами и способны циркулировать в крови экспериментальных животных по меньшей мере в течение 25 ч. Получены нанокомплексы фермента с соединениями с антиоксидантной активностью, а также с антибиотиками. Наиболее эффективно идет формирование комплекса фермента His6-OPH с антибиотиками, содержащими ß-лактамное кольцо. Взаимодействие различных химических веществ с His6-OPH может быть компьютерно смоделировано таким образом, чтобы выявить новые возможные каталитически активные комбинации для фермента. Это позволяет предварительно прогнозировать возможность и эффективность использования ферментных биокатализаторов как антидотов или дегазирующих средств в отношении различных ФОС.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The advanced biocatalysts based on hexahistidine-tagged organophosphorus hydrolase (His6-OPH) were recently developed for the detoxification of various organophosphorus compounds and degradation of N-acyl homoserine lactones. Due to enzyme immobilization, some of obtained biocatalysts are quite stable, easy to use and very effective/active (e.g. tens of millions of substrate solution volumes appeared to be treated with column cartridges containing immobilized His6-OPH). Recently, the possible bioengineering of different stabilized nanocomplexes of His6-OPH due to its non-covalent binding with different compounds (polymers, antioxidants, antimicrobials, etc.) was demonstrated. Firstly, it was realized by computer modeling via molecular docking. Polymers of amino acids (polyglutamic and polyasparctic acids) were established to be the most effective stabilizers of the enzyme that enabled effective preservation of the enzyme activity. Up to 100 %-retention of initial catalytic characteristics of the enzyme was reached in obtained enzymatic complexes. Such nanobiocatalysts were stabilized against inactivating effects of solvents, temperatures and were able to circulate in vivo for at least 25 hours. It appeared that different antioxidants can be applied as partners of the enzyme in the nanocomplexing. Thus, a new set of original enzymatic antidotes were developed possessing dual action: both hydrolytic activity against organophosphorus neurotoxins and improved antioxidant activity. Additionally, it was shown that different organophosphorus compounds and N-acyl homoserine lactones could be molecularly docked directly to the active centers of His6-OPH dimer, thus allowing to theoretically clarify some new prospective substrates for the enzymatic hydrolysis. It appeared that new type of nanocomplexes of the enzyme with antibiotics also can be prepared. In this case the combination of antibiotics with enzyme quenching the quorum of the pathogenic gram-negative bacteria was performed. The enzyme being stabilized by the various antibiotics (especially those containing β-lactame ring) played the role of a carrier for the antimicrobial compounds significantly improving their efficiency of the action. Such biocatalysts and/or method of their design have a great potential and can be very useful for both chemical and biological defense.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибиотики</kwd><kwd>антиоксиданты</kwd><kwd>гидролиз</kwd><kwd>лактоны N-ацилгомосеринлактоны</kwd><kwd>нанокомплексы</kwd><kwd>органофосфатгидролаза</kwd><kwd>фосфорорганические соединения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antibiotics</kwd><kwd>antioxidants</kwd><kwd>hydrolysis</kwd><kwd>N-acyl homoserine lactones</kwd><kwd>nanocomplexes</kwd><kwd>organophosphorous hydrolase</kwd><kwd>organophosphorus compounds</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Настоящая публикация подготовлена при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (грант № 18-29-17069). Исследование проводилось на оборудовании МГУ.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The publication was financially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No 18-29-17069). 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