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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nbsprot</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник войск РХБ защиты</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of NBC Protection Corps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2791</issn><publisher><publisher-name>27 Научный центр</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35825/2587-5728-2018-2-4-22-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">yoqcsl</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nbsprot-216</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Биологическая безопасность и защита от биологических угроз</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Biological Security and Protection against Biological Threats</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методы идентификации возбудителей опасных и особо опасных инфекционных заболеваний, основанные на анализе нуклеиновых кислот</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methods for identification of causative agents of dangerous and particularly dangerous infections based on the analysis of nucleic acids</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кибирев</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kibirev</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кибирев Ярослав Александрович. Начальник научно-исследовательского отдела, канд. биол. наук</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kibirev Yaroslav Aleksandrovich. Chief of the Scientific and Research Department. Candidate of Biological Sciences</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">23527@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурлачук</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burlachuk</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурлачук Сергей Геннадьевич. Научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Burlachuk Sergey Gennadyevich. Researcher of the Scientific and Research Department</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грудцына</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grudcina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грудцына Анна Станиславовна. Научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела, канд. биол. наук</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grudcina Anna Stanislavovna. Researcher of the Scientific and Research Department. Candidate of Biological Sciences</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситяков</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sityakov</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ситяков Дмитрий Олегович. Младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sityakov Dmitry Olegovich. Junior researcher of the Scientific and Research Department</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исупов</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isupov</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исупов Сергей Геннадьевич. Заместитель начальника научно-исследовательского отдела – начальник группы, канд. мед. наук </p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Isupov Sergey Gennadyevich. Deputy Chief of the Scientific and Research Department. Candidate of Medical Sciences</p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дробков</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drobkov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дробков Владимир Иванович. Научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела, канд. мед. наук</p><p>610000, г. Киров, Октябрьский проспект, д. 119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Drobkov Vladimir Ivanovich. Researcher of the Scientific and Research Department. Candidate of Medical Sciences </p><p>Oktyabrsky Avenue 119, Kirov 610000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Филиал федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации (г. Киров)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Branch Office of the Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (Kirov)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кибирев Я.А., Бурлачук С.Е., Грудцына А.С., Ситяков Д.О., Исупов С.Г., Дробков В.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кибирев Я.А., Бурлачук С.Е., Грудцына А.С., Ситяков Д.О., Исупов С.Г., Дробков В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kibirev Y.A., Burlachuk S.E., Grudcina A.S., Sityakov D.O., Isupov S.G., Drobkov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/216">https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/216</self-uri><abstract><p>Одной из основных задач войск радиационной, химической и биологической защиты при установлении факта биологического заражения является точная и быстрая идентификация вызвавшего заражение возбудителя инфекционной болезни. Среди современных способов идентификации опасных и особо опасных патогенных микроорганизмов этим требованиям наиболее полно удовлетворяют способы, основанные на анализе нуклеиновых кислот. Наиболее пригодным из них для индикации с начальной идентификацией считается метод амплификации ДНК посредством полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР). Для регистрации результатов ПЦР используют электрофоретическое разделение продуктов амплификации, а также детекцию флуоресцентного сигнала по конечной точке (вариант FLASH) или в режиме реального времени (ПЦР-РВ). Рассмотрены другие варианты амплификации фрагментов ДНК, включая лигазную цепную реакцию (ЛЦР) и изотермическую амплификацию. В статье также описаны способы идентификации микроорганизмов, основанные на секвенировании нуклеиновых кислот, такие как метод мультилокусного сиквенс-типирования (МЛСТ), секвенирование отдельных генов, полногеномное секвенирование. Сделан вывод о том, что выбор методов идентификации микроорганизмов необходимо осуществлять, исходя из целей и задач, материальной базы лаборатории, наличия обученного персонала и объемов финансирования. Несмотря на то, что наиболее информативными являются методы, основанные на секвенировании нуклеотидных последовательностей, в силу своих технологических требований пока их реализация в полевых условиях затруднена.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the main tasks of the NBC Protection Troops is accurate and rapid identification of infectious disease causative agents in case of establishing the fact of biological contamination. Different methods based on the analysis of nucleic acids are most preferred for this purpose. Most of them are based on DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The result is detected by electrophoretic separation of amplification products, as well as by registration of endpoint fluorescent signal (FLASH modification) or in real time (PCR-RT). Other methods of DNA amplification, such as ligase chain reaction (LCR) and isothermal amplification, are also applicable in practice. The article also describes some identification methods based on nucleic acid sequencing: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method, sequencing of individual genes and complete genome sequencing. It is concluded that the choice of identification method should be based on the goals and objectives, laboratory facilities, availability of trained personnel and funding levels. Despite the fact that the most informative are methods based on sequencing nucleotide sequences, their implementation in the field is difficult so far due to technological requirements.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>изотермическая амплификация</kwd><kwd>лигазная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>методы идентификации микроорганизмов</kwd><kwd>мультилокусное сиквенс-типирование</kwd><kwd>мультилокусный анализ вариабельных тандемных повторов</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>полногеномное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>секвенирование отдельных генов</kwd><kwd>термостат-амплификатор</kwd><kwd>флуоресцентные зонды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>isothermal amplification</kwd><kwd>ligase chain reaction</kwd><kwd>methods of indication of microorganisms</kwd><kwd>multilocus sequence typing</kwd><kwd>multilocus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA)</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction</kwd><kwd>whole-genome sequencing</kwd><kwd>sequencing of individual genes</kwd><kwd>thermostat amplificator</kwd><kwd>fluorescent probes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павлов Д.Л., Онучина Н.В., Кузнецовский А.В. и др. 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