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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nbsprot</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник войск РХБ защиты</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of NBC Protection Corps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2791</issn><publisher><publisher-name>27 Научный центр</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-1-56-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">jfxfwr</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nbsprot-17</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Биологическая безопасность и защита от биологических угроз</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Biological Security and Protection against Biological Threats</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы, способствующие получению ложноотрицательных результатов при проведении диагностики COVID-19 методом обратной транскрипции-полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Factors Contributing to False Negative Results when Performing Diagnostics of COVID-19 by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction in Real Time</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Начальник отдела, д-р мед. наук</p><p>141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chief of department, Doctor of Medical Sciences</p><p>141306, Sergiev Posad, Oktyabrskaya st., 11.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизикова</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizikova</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный сотрудник, канд. биол. наук</p><p>141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Candidate of Biologic Sciences</p><p>141306, Sergiev Posad, Oktyabrskaya st., 11.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карулина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karulina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный сотрудник, канд. биол. наук.</p><p>141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Candidate of Biologic Sciences</p><p>141306, Sergiev Posad, Oktyabrskaya st., 11.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чухраля</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuhralya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заместитель начальника отдела</p><p>141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of chief of department</p><p>141306, Sergiev Posad, Oktyabrskaya st., 11.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павельев</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paveliev</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный сотрудник</p><p>141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher</p><p>141306, Sergiev Posad, Oktyabrskaya st., 11.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сайфулина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saifulina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник</p><p>141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p><p>141306, Sergiev Posad, Oktyabrskaya st., 11.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сапкулов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sapkulov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Помощник начальника ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России</p><p>141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of head of Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of the Defense of the Russian Federation</p><p>141306, Sergiev Posad, Oktyabrskaya st., 11.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ведущий научный сотрудник, д-р биол. наук, проф.</p><p>141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading researcher, Doctor of Biologic Sciences, Professor</p><p>141306, Sergiev Posad, Oktyabrskaya st., 11.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутаев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutaev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Начальник отдела планирования научно-исследовательских работ – заместитель начальника ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России по научно-исследовательской работе, канд. биол. наук.</p><p>141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy head of Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of the Defense of the Russian Federation, Candidate of Medical Sciences</p><p>141306, Sergiev Posad, Oktyabrskaya st., 11.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисевич</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisevich</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Начальник ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России, д-р биол. наук, проф., член-корр. РАН.</p><p>141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of the Defense of the Russian Federation, Corresponding member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Biologic Sciences, Professor.</p><p>141306, Sergiev Posad, Oktyabrskaya st., 11.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of the Defense of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петров А.А., Сизикова Т.Е., Карулина Н.В., Чухраля О.В., Павельев Д.И., Сайфулина Н.А., Сапкулов А.В., Лебедев В.Н., Кутаев Д.А., Борисевич С.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петров А.А., Сизикова Т.Е., Карулина Н.В., Чухраля О.В., Павельев Д.И., Сайфулина Н.А., Сапкулов А.В., Лебедев В.Н., Кутаев Д.А., Борисевич С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrov A.A., Sizikova T.E., Karulina N.V., Chuhralya O.V., Paveliev D.I., Saifulina N.A., Sapkulov A.V., Lebedev V.N., Kutaev D.A., Borisevich S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/17">https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/17</self-uri><abstract><p>Обратная транскрипция – полимеразная цепная реакция в режиме реального времени (ОТ-ПЦР-РВ) в настоящее время занимает ведущее положение при лабораторной диагностике COVID-19. С помощью ОТ-ПЦР-РВ проводят диагностику на ранних стадиях развития болезни. Исследуемые клинические пробы, как правило, представляют мазки из зева и носоглотки. Цель работы – выявление и анализ факторов, способствующих получению ложноотрицательных результатов при проведении диагностики COVID-19 методом ОТ-ПЦР-РВ. В качестве таких факторов рассмотрены показатели, характеризующие набор реагентов и условия получения анализируемых клинических проб. Показано, что аналитическая чувствительность метода ОТ-ПЦР-РВ не является основным фактором при оценке возможности получения ложноотрицательных результатов. В работе рассмотрено влияние употребления горячих напитков (чай, кофе), алкоголя и курения (непосредственно перед взятием пробы) на результаты анализа мазков из зева и носоглотки методом ОТ-ПЦР РВ. Установлено, что наибольшее влияние на возможность получения ложноотрицательного результата в ОТ-ПЦР-РВ в мазках из зева оказывает прием горячих напитков перед взятием пробы (вероятность получения ложноотрицательного результата не менее 80 %). Меньший эффект оказывает употребление малых доз алкоголя (0,25–0,33 г этанола на 1 кг массы тела). Курение непосредственно перед взятием пробы не влечет за собой возможность получения ложноотрицательного результата в ОТ-ПЦР-РВ. Ни одно из рассмотренных воздействий не оказывает влияние на возможность получения ложноотрицательных результатов при анализе мазков из носоглотки. Высказаны рекомендации о необходимости одновременного исследования как мазков из зева, так и мазков из носоглотки при проводимой диагностике COVID-19 у амбулаторных пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Reverse transcription-real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is currently the leading laboratory diagnostic tool for COVID-19. With the help of RT-PCR-RT, diagnostics is carried out at the early stages of the development of the disease. The studied clinical samples, as a rule, are swabs from the pharynx and nasopharynx. The aim of the work is to identify and analyze the factors that contribute to false negative results when diagnosing COVID-19 by RT-PCR-RT. It is shown in the article, that the analytical sensitivity of the real-time RT-PCR method is not the main factor in assessing the possibility of obtaining false negative results. The paper considers the effect of drinking hot drinks (tea, coffee), alcohol and smoking (immediately before sampling) on the results of the analysis of swabs from the pharynx and nasopharynx by RT-PCR RT. It was found that the intake of hot drinks before sampling (the probability of obtaining a false negative result is at least 80%) influences most of all on the possibility of obtaining a false negative result in RT-PCR-RT in swabs from the pharynx. The use of small doses of alcohol (0.25–0.33 g of ethanol per 1 kg of body weight) has a lesser effect. Smoking immediately prior to sample collection does not lead to a false negative result in real-time RT-PCR. None of the considered influences affects the possibility of obtaining false negative results in the analysis of swabs from the nasopharynx. Recommendations were made on the need for simultaneous examination of both throat swabs and nasopharyngeal swabs in the ongoing diagnosis of COVID-19.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>алкоголь</kwd><kwd>горячие напитки</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>курение</kwd><kwd>ложноотрицательный результат</kwd><kwd>ОТ-ПЦР-РВ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>false negative results</kwd><kwd>transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in real time</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации», г. Сергиев Посад</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of the Defense of the Russian Federation</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">South A.M., Diz D.I., Chappell M.C. COVID-19, ACE2, and the cardiovascular consequences // Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2020. V. 318. № 5. P. 1084–1090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">South A.M., Diz D.I., Chappell M.C. COVID-19, ACE2, and the cardiovascular consequences // Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2020. V. 318. № 5. P. 1084–1090.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grant M.C., Geoghegan L., Arbyn M. et al. 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