nbsprotВестник войск РХБ защитыJournal of NBC Protection Corps2587-57283034-279127 Научный центр10.35825/2587-5728-2020-4-4-441-461fxevianbsprot-124Research ArticleХИМИЧЕСКОЕ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОРУЖИЕ В ВОЙНАХ И КОНФЛИКТАХCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS IN WARS AND CONFLICTSЗабытая биологическая война на Корейском полуострове – технические деталиForgotten Biological War on the Korean Peninsula – Technical DetailsСупотницкийМ. В.SupotnitskiyM. V.

Супотницкий Михаил Васильевич. Главный специалист, канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр.

105005, г. Москва, Бригадирский переулок, д. 13

Mikhail Vasilyevich Supotnitskiy. Senior Researcher. Chief Specialist. Candidate of Biological Sciences

Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005

27nc_1@mil.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «27 Научный центр» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Establishment «27 Scientific Centre» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian FederationRussian Federation20201906202044441461Copyright © Супотницкий М.В., 20202020Супотницкий М.В.Supotnitskiy M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/124

Применение американской армией биологического оружия (БО) во время войны на Корейском полуострове (25.06.1950–27.07.1953) – почти забытый эпизод военной истории ХХ века. После появления первых сообщении о начавшейся биологической войне Всемирный совет мира по инициативе КНР назначил Международную научную комиссию по расследованию фактов, касающихся биологической войны в Китае и Корее (далее – Комиссия), подготовившую в 1952 г. «Report of the international scientific commission for the investigation of the facts concerning bacterial warfare in Korea and China» («Доклад Международной научной комиссии по расследованию фактов, касающихся биологической войны в Китае и Корее», далее – Доклад). Доклад неоднократно подвергался критике, в которой основным аргументом было то, что он подготовлен коммунистами. Однако анализ этого документа показал, что остался большой массив информации, не подвергавшийся критике по сути и никем до настоящего времени не опровергнутый. Он и являлся основным предметом нашего анализа в данной работе. Цель работы – показать, как велась биологическая война во время боевых действий на Корейском полуострове в 1952 г. В ходе войны американцами исследовалась эффективность применения биологических боеприпасов разного типа: усовершенствованных японских (распространяющих зараженных насекомых и животных), специальных авиабомб, предназначенных для распыления жидких бактериальных рецептур. Для распыления сухих рецептур впервые применялись боевые самолеты, оснащенные аэрозольными генераторами. Осуществлялись диверсии по заражению водоемов возбудителями опасных инфекций. Среди корейского и китайского населения вызваны вспышки чумы, сибирской язвы, холеры, дизентерии и, возможно, других инфекций. После Корейской войны многие представления о БО, сделанные на основе анализа японского опыта и собственных полигонных экспериментов 1940-х гг., в США были пересмотрены. Основным направлением развития американского БО стало создание боеприпасов для применения мелкодисперсных аэрозолей и кровососущих насекомых. Сам Доклад представляет собой первую попытку создания нового раздела эпидемиологии – неправильной эпидемиологии, т.е. системы научных знаний, обосновывающих распознание искусственно вызванных вспышек (эпидемий) инфекционных болезней. К сожалению, Доклад после войны не был должным образом оценен и по политическим причина предан забвению. Поэтому работа по созданию данного раздела эпидемиологии должна быть продолжена уже на основе знаний о новых биологических угрозах.

The use of biological weapons (BW) by the American army during the war on the Korean Peninsula (25.06.1950–27.07.1953) is an almost forgotten episode in the military history of the twentieth century. After the appearance of the first reports about the outbreak of biological warfare, the World Peace Council, at the initiative of the PRC, appointed the special International Scientific Commission for the Investigation of the Facts Concerning Bacterial Warfare in Korea and China (hereinafter – the Commission), which in 1952 prepared the «Report of the International Scientific Commission for the Investigation of the Facts Concerning Bacterial Warfare in Korea and China», (hereinafter – Report). The report has been repeatedly criticized for being prepared by the communists. However, the analysis of this document revealed that there remained a large amount of information that has never been criticized and remained unrefuted by anyone to date. This information is the main subject of our analysis. The purpose of this work is to show how biological warfare has been conducted during the hostilities on the Korean Peninsula in 1952. During the war, the Americans studied the effectiveness of various types of biological munitions: improved Japanese munitions (spreading infected insects and animals), special aerial bombs designed to spray liquid bacterial formulations. Combat aircraft equipped with aerosol generators were used for the first time to spray dry formulations. Water sources have been intentionally infected with pathogens of dangerous diseases. Outbreaks of plague, anthrax, cholera, dysentery and probably other infections have been caused artificially among the Korean and Chinese population. In the United States, many ideas about BW, based on the analysis of the Japanese experience and on their own field experiments in the 1940s, have been revised after the Korean War. The creation of the ammunition for the dissemination of fine aerosols and blood-sucking insects became the main direction of the development of the American BW. The report itself is the first attempt to create a new section of epidemiology – «abnormal epidemiology», i.e. the systems of scientific knowledge that allows the experts to recognize the artificial outbreaks (epidemics) of infectious diseases. Unfortunately, after the war the report was not properly evaluated. It was forgotten for political reasons. Therefore, the work on the creation of this section of epidemiology should be continued on the basis of new knowledge about contemporary biological threats.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.