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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nbsprot</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник войск РХБ защиты</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of NBC Protection Corps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2791</issn><publisher><publisher-name>27 Научный центр</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-1-44-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">jfxeeb</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nbsprot-12</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Биологическая безопасность и защита от биологических угроз</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Biological Security and Protection against Biological Threats</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вариант омикрон вируса SARS-CoV-2: способность вызывать заболевание у лиц, имеющих иммунитет против COVID-19, сформированный в результате вакцинации или ранее перенесенного заболевания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Virus: the Ability to Cause Disease in Persons with Immunity against COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизикова</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizikova</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный сотрудник, канд. биол. наук</p><p>141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Candidate of Biologic Sciences</p><p>141306 Sergiev Posad, Oktyabrskaya st., 11</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чухраля</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuhralya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заместитель начальника отдела</p><p>141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of chief of department</p><p>141306 Sergiev Posad, Oktyabrskaya st., 11</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ведущий научный сотрудник, д-р биол. наук, проф.</p><p>141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading researcher, Doctor of Biologic Sciences, Professor</p><p>141306 Sergiev Posad, Oktyabrskaya st., 11</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисевич</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisevich</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Начальник ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России, д-р биол. наук, проф., член-корр. РАН.</p><p>141306, г. Сергиев Посад, ул. Октябрьская, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of the Defense of the Russian Federation, Corresponding member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Biologic Sciences, Professor.</p><p>141306 Sergiev Posad, Oktyabrskaya st., 11</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of the Defense of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сизикова Т.Е., Чухраля О.В., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сизикова Т.Е., Чухраля О.В., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sizikova T.E., Chuhralya O.V., Lebedev V.N., Borisevich S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/12">https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/12</self-uri><abstract><p>В ходе пандемии COVID-19 отмечено возникновение и периодическая смена доминирующих вариантов вызвавшего его коронавируса (SARS-CoV-2). Доминирующей в пятую волну пандемии COVID-19 стала линия B.1.1529, по классификации ВОЗ – вариант омикрон. Цель работы – анализ свойств вирусов линии B.1.1529 (омикрон), обеспечивающих ее способность вызывать заболевание у вакцинированных или ранее переболевших COVID-19. Для пятой волны характерно параллельное распространение вариантов дельта и омикрон с доминированием последнего. Наиболее вероятно, что вариант омикрон возник в результате множественных пассажей SARS-CoV-2 через организмы больных с ослабленным иммунитетом. Если вариант дельта является наиболее вирулентным для человека из всех известных вариантов вируса SARS-CoV-2, то вариант омикрон, безусловно, наиболее заразный их них – величина базового репродуктивного числа (R0) для него ≈ 10,0, для варианта дельта ≈ 6,0. Инфицированный вариантом омикрон человек, уже через сутки может быть способен к трансмиссии вируса SARS-CoV-2. Это вызвано сочетанием у варианта омикрон мутаций N501Y и Q498R, повышающих сродство рецептор-связывающего домена S1-субъединицы S-белка вируса к рецептору АСЕ-2 в легких человека. Мутации H655Y и N679K расположены вблизи сайта расщепления фурином, что в свою очередь способствует ускоренному расщеплению S-белка и повышает уровень заразности возбудителя. По способности преодолевать иммунитет, вызванный вакцинацией, вариант омикрон существенно превосходит вариант дельта. Подъем заболеваемости не остановило то, что количество лиц, прошедших полный курс вакцинации, на начало пятой волны в России достигло 64 %. Поэтому достигнутый уровень вакцинации нельзя считать достаточным для торможения распространения данного варианта вируса. В статье приводятся данные, показывающие, что этот показатель для предотвращения его распространения должен составлять как минимум 80 % и только при проведении вакцинации в сжатые сроки. Однако не исключено, что мутационный потенциал вируса SARS-CoV-2 еще не исчерпан, и пандемия на варианте омикрон не завершится.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>During the COVID-19 pandemic the experts noted the emergence and periodic change of the dominant variants of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the disease. The line B.1.1529, the omicron variant according to the WHO classification, became dominant in the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the work is to analyze the properties of B.1.1529 (omicron) viruses that ensure its ability to cause disease in vaccinated or previously recovered from COVID-19. The fifth wave is characterized by the parallel distribution of the delta and omicron variants, with the domination of the latter. The omicron variant arose as a result of multiple passages of SARS-CoV-2 through the organisms of immunocompromised patients. If the delta variant is the most virulent for humans, the omicron variant is certainly the most infectious - the value of the basic reproductive number (R0) for it is ≈ 10.0, for the delta variant ≈ 6, 0. A person infected with the omicron variant is capable of transmitting the SARS-CoV-2 virus within a day. This is caused by a combination of N501Y and Q498R mutations in the omicron variant, which increase the affinity of the receptor-binding domain of the S1 subunit of the viral S protein for the ACE-2 receptor in the human lung. Mutations H655Y and N679K are located near the furin cleavage site, which in turn promotes accelerated cleavage of the S-protein and increases the level of infectiousness of the pathogen. The omicron variant is significantly superior to the delta variant in terms of ability to overcome the immunity caused by vaccination. The spread of the disease was not stopped by the fact that the number of people who completed the full course of vaccination at the beginning of the fifth wave in Russia reached 64%.Therefore, the achieved level of vaccination cannot be considered sufficient to stop the spread of this variant of the virus. It is shown in the article, that this indicator should be at least 80% to prevent the spread of the disease, and only if vaccination is carried out in a short time. However, it is possible that the mutational potential of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has not yet been exhausted, and the pandemic on the omicron variant will not end.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>вариант омикрон</kwd><kwd>генетическая изменчивость</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>противовирусный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>коллективный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>вакцины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antiviral immunity</kwd><kwd>genetic variability</kwd><kwd>herd immunity</kwd><kwd>morbidity</kwd><kwd>Omicron variant</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2 virus COVID-19</kwd><kwd>vaccines</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации», г. 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