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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nbsprot</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник войск РХБ защиты</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of NBC Protection Corps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2791</issn><publisher><publisher-name>27 Научный центр</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35825/2587-5728-2020-4-2-131-159</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">djonqu</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nbsprot-106</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЧЕСКОЕ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОРУЖИЕ В ВОЙНАХ И КОНФЛИКТАХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS IN WARS AND CONFLICTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Химическое оружие в ирано-иракской войне 1980–1988 годов. 4. Ликвидация химического оружия Ирака</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chemical Weapons in the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988). 4. The Destruction of Iraqi Chemical Weapons</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супотницкий</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Supotnitskiy</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Супотницкий Михаил Васильевич. Главный специалист, канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр.</p><p>105005, г. Москва, Бригадирский переулок, д. 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Vasilyevich Supotnitskiy. Senior Researcher. Chief Specialist. Candidate of Biological Sciences</p><p>Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шило</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilo</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шило Наталья Игоревна. Научный сотрудник отдела</p><p>105005, г. Москва, Бригадирский переулок, д. 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya Igorevna Shilo. Researcher. Scientific Editor</p><p>Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковтун</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovtun</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковтун Виктор Александрович. Начальник центра, канд. хим. наук, доц.</p><p>105005, г. Москва, Бригадирский переулок, д. 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor Aleksandrovich Kovtun. Head of the Centre. Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>Brigadirskii Lane 13, Moscow 105005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «27 Научный центр» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Establishment «27 Scientific Centre» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>159</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Супотницкий М.В., Шило Н.И., Ковтун В.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Супотницкий М.В., Шило Н.И., Ковтун В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Supotnitskiy M.V., Shilo N.I., Kovtun V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/106">https://www.nbsprot.ru/jour/article/view/106</self-uri><abstract><p>После разгрома иракской армии в Кувейте в феврале 1991 г., 3 апреля Советом Безопасности ООН (СБ ООН) принята резолюция № 687, потребовавшая от Ирака безоговорочного согласия на уничтожение, изъятие или обезвреживание под международным контролем всего химического оружия и всех его запасов и относящихся к нему научно-исследовательских и опытно-конструкторских работ, обслуживающих и производственных объектов. Эта операция ООН – не первое принудительное разоружение победителями побежденных, но она послужила толчком к завершению работы над Конвенцией о запрещении разработки, производства, накопления и применения химического оружия и о его уничтожении, т.е. уничтожению целого класса оружия массового поражении. Цель работы – показать, каким образом происходила ликвидация химического оружия в Ираке. Уничтожение иракского химического оружия включало формирование правовой базы (резолюция СБ ООН № 687); организацию специальной комиссии ООН, которая должна была заниматься поиском и уничтожением такого оружия (ЮНСКОМ) непосредственно на территории Ирака; меры политического, экономического (санкции ООН) и военного принуждения (операция США и Великобритании «Лис в пустыне»). Летом 1991 г. ЮНСКОМ сформировала Консультативную группу по уничтожению, занимавшуюся разработкой технологий уничтожения химического оружия, отравляющих веществ (ОВ) и их прекурсоров. Их уничтожение осуществлено в период с октября 1992 г. по май 1994 г. на территории «Государственного предприятия аль-Мутанна». Зарин, циклозарин, табун и их прекурсоры были уничтожены путем гидролиза в щелочном водном или водно-спиртовом растворе с использованием переоборудованной производственной установки. Уничтожено 76 т зарина и его смеси с циклозарином, а также 40 т табуна. Для сернистого иприта использовался метод прямого сжигания при высокой температуре на заводе, созданном по проекту Консультативной группы. Уничтожено около 400 т жидкого сернистого иприта. Боеприпасы и контейнеры после извлечения ОВ были уничтожены с использованием специально разработанного процесса взрывной вентиляции и одновременного сжигания. Всего уничтожено 30 химических боеголовок для баллистических ракет «аль-Хусейн», 12,8 тыс. 155-мм ипритных снарядов, 40,5 тыс. 122-мм ракет для РСЗО, снаряженных зарином/циклозарином. В целом ЮНСКОМ решил задачу химического разоружения Ирака. В статье подробно описаны технологии уничтожения ОВ и химического оружия Ирака.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>After the defeat of Iraqi army in Kuwait in February 1991, on April 3, the UN Security Council (UN Security Council) adopted Resolution 687, that «decides that Iraq shall unconditionally accept the destruction, removal, or rendering harmless, under international supervision, of: (a) All chemical and biological weapons and all stocks of agents and all related subsystems and components and all research, development, support and manufacturing facilities». This UN operation was not the first forced disarmament of vanquished by victors, but it gave great impetus to the completion of the work on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, i.e. the destruction of an entire class of weapons of mass destruction. The aim of this article was to show the process of Iraqi`s chemical weapons destruction. The destruction of Iraqi chemical weapons included the formation of legal basis (United Nations Security Council Resolution 687); the establishment of the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) to inspect and oversee the destruction or elimination of Iraq’s chemical weapons directly on Iraqi territory; certain measures of political, economic (UN sanctions) and military coercion (the US and the UK military operation «Desert Fox»). In summer 1991, UNSCOM formed a Destruction Advisory Panel to develop technologies for the destruction of chemical weapons, toxic substances and their precursors. Their destruction was carried out in the period October 1992 to May 1994 on the territory of the Muthanna State Establishment. Sarin, cyclosarin, tabun and their precursors were destroyed by hydrolysis in aqueous alkaline solution using a repurposed production facility. Thus 76 tons of sarin and sarin/cyclosarin mixture, as well as 40 tons of tabun were destroyed. For the sulfur mustard, the high-temperature direct burning method was used at the special factory, established under the project of the Destruction Advisory Panel. Thus were destroyed around 400 tons of liquid sulfur mustard. Chemical munitions and containers, after the extraction of poisonous agents, were destroyed using a specially developed technique of explosive ventilation and burning. 30 chemical warheads for Al-Hussein ballistic missiles, 12,8 thousand 155-mm mustard shells, 40,5 thousand 122 mm rockets for MLRS, filled with sarin/cyclosarin, were destroyed. In general, UNSCOM managed to solve the problem of chemical disarmament of Iraq. The article describes in details the Iraq’s chemical weapons destruction technologies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>зарин</kwd><kwd>ирано-иракская война</kwd><kwd>сернистый иприт</kwd><kwd>табун</kwd><kwd>химическое оружие</kwd><kwd>циклозарин</kwd><kwd>ЮНСКОМ</kwd><kwd>ЮНМОВИК</kwd><kwd>VX</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sarin</kwd><kwd>the Iran-Iraq war</kwd><kwd>sulfur mustard</kwd><kwd>tabun</kwd><kwd>chemical weapons</kwd><kwd>cyclosarin</kwd><kwd>UNMOVIC</kwd><kwd>UNSCOM</kwd><kwd>VX</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шило Н.И. Первые попытки запрещения химического оружия // Вестник войск РХБ защиты. 2018. Т. 2. № 1. C. 48–69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shilo N.I. First Attempts to Ban Chemical Weapons // Journal of NBC Protection Corps. 2018. V. 2. № 1. 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